The Effect of a Polysaccharide-Based Multinutrient Dietary Supplementation Regimen on Infections and Immune Functioning in Multiple Sclerosis

McDaniel, H Reginald; LaGanke, Christopher; Bloom, Laura; Goldberg, Sharon; Lages, Lucas C.; Lantigua, Laura A.; Atlas, Steven E.; Woolger, Judi M.; Lewis, John E.

doi:10.1080/19390211.2018.1495675

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…An anti-inflammatory effect of a polysaccharide-based diet was also observed in patients with multiple sclerosis, in whom a 12-month polysaccharide-based multinutrient diet contributed to a significant decrease in IL-2, TNF-α, EGF, and CD95 + CD34+ cell subsets ( 157 ).…”

Section: Effects Of Macronutrients On Immunity and Diseasementioning

confidence: 95%

The Influence of Nutritional Factors on Immunological Outcomes

2021

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Through food intake, humans obtain a variety of nutrients that are essential for growth, cellular function, tissue development, energy, and immune defense. A special interaction between nutrients and gut-associated lymphoid tissue occurs in the intestinal tract. Enterocytes of the intestinal barrier act as sensors for antigens from nutrients and the intestinal microbiota, which they deliver to the underlying immune system of the lamina propria, triggering an immune response. Studies investigating the mechanism of influence of nutrition on immunological outcomes have highlighted an important role of macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, antioxidants, probiotics) in modulating immune homeostasis. Nutrients exert their role in innate immunity and inflammation by regulating the expression of TLRs, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus interfering with immune cell crosstalk and signaling. Chemical substrates derived from nutrient metabolism may act as cofactors or blockers of enzymatic activity, influencing molecular pathways and chemical reactions associated with microbial killing, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Immune cell function appears to be influenced by certain nutrients that form parts of the cell membrane structure and are involved in energy production and prevention of cytotoxicity. Nutrients also contribute to the initiation and regulation of adaptive immune responses by modulating B and T lymphocyte differentiation, proliferation and activation, and antibody production. The purpose of this review is to present the available data from the field of nutritional immunology to elucidate the complex and dynamic relationship between nutrients and the immune system, the delineation of which will lead to optimized nutritional regimens for disease prevention and patient care.

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Section: Effects Of Macronutrients On Immunity and Diseasementioning

confidence: 95%

The Influence of Nutritional Factors on Immunological Outcomes

2021

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“…This last finding substantially agrees with that of Viehover et al ( 2001 ) showing that NRG levels are markedly reduced in active MS lesions, although previous studies showed that CSF NRG levels are unchanged in MS patients (Pankonin et al 2009 ) and that HB-EGF is overexpressed in ASTs in active MS lesions (Schenk et al 2013 ). Other authors (Reginald McDaniel et al 2020 ) have found significantly increased blood EGF levels in MS patients after their nutritional status had been optimized and their clinical status improved. It is tempting to speculate that this clinical improvement may have been due to an increase in the CNS production of neurotrophic or myelinotrophic growth factors, because it has been shown that dietary restriction has this effect (Prolla and Mattson 2001 ).…”

Section: Egf and Cns Demyelinating Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Epidermal Growth Factor in the CNS: A Beguiling Journey from Integrated Cell Biology to Multiple Sclerosis. An Extensive Translational Overview

Scalabrino

2020

Cell Mol Neurobiol

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This article reviews the wealth of papers dealing with the different effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, neurons, and neural stem cells (NSCs). EGF induces the in vitro and in vivo proliferation of NSCs, their migration, and their differentiation towards the neuroglial cell line. It interacts with extracellular matrix components. NSCs are distributed in different CNS areas, serve as a reservoir of multipotent cells, and may be increased during CNS demyelinating diseases. EGF has pleiotropic differentiative and proliferative effects on the main CNS cell types, particularly oligodendrocytes and their precursors, and astrocytes. EGF mediates the in vivo myelinotrophic effect of cobalamin on the CNS, and modulates the synthesis and levels of CNS normal prions (PrPCs), both of which are indispensable for myelinogenesis and myelin maintenance. EGF levels are significantly lower in the cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), which probably explains remyelination failure, also because of the EGF marginal role in immunology. When repeatedly administered, EGF protects mouse spinal cord from demyelination in various experimental models of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. It would be worth further investigating the role of EGF in the pathogenesis of MS because of its multifarious effects.

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“…It has also been reported that plasma EGF levels are lower in patients with progressive disease than in those whose disease has a relapsingremitting course (73). The blood EGF levels of MS patients increase significantly after there has been an improvement in their nutritional and clinical status (74).…”

Section: Egf In Experimental Autoimmune-mediated or Non-immune-induced Cns Demyelinating Diseases And Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Epidermal-Growth-Factor-Related Insights Into the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis: Is It Also Epistemology?

Scalabrino

2021

Front. Neurol.

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Recent findings showing that epidermal growth factor (EGF) is significantly decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and spinal cord (SC) of living or deceased multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, and that its repeated administration to rodents with chemically- or virally-induced demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) or experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) prevents demyelination and inflammatory reactions in the CNS, have led to a critical reassessment of the MS pathogenesis, partly because EGF is considered to have little or no role in immunology. EGF is the only myelinotrophic factor that has been tested in the CSF and spinal cord of MS patients, and it has been shown there is a good correspondence between liquid and tissue levels. This review: (a) briefly summarises the positive EGF effects on neural stem cells, oligodendrocyte cell lineage, and astrocytes in order to explain, at least in part, the biological basis of the myelin loss and remyelination failure in MS; and (b) after a short analysis of the evolution of the principle of cause-effect in the history of Western philosophy, highlights the lack of any experimental immune-, toxin-, or virus-mediated model that precisely reproduces the histopathological features and “clinical” symptoms of MS, thus underlining the inapplicability of Claude Bernard's crucial sequence of “observation, hypothesis, and hypothesis testing.” This is followed by a discussion of most of the putative non-immunologically-linked points of MS pathogenesis (abnormalities in myelinotrophic factor CSF levels, oligodendrocytes (ODCs), astrocytes, extracellular matrix, and epigenetics) on the basis of Popper's falsification principle, and the suggestion that autoimmunity and phologosis reactions (surely the most devasting consequences of the disease) are probably the last links in a chain of events that trigger the reactions. As it is likely that there is a lack of other myelinotrophic growth factors because myelinogenesis is controlled by various CNS and extra-CNS growth factors and other molecules within and outside ODCs, further studies are needed to investigate the role of non-immunological molecules at the time of the onset of the disease. In the words of Galilei, the human mind should be prepared to understand what nature has created.

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The Effect of a Polysaccharide-Based Multinutrient Dietary Supplementation Regimen on Infections and Immune Functioning in Multiple Sclerosis

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

The Influence of Nutritional Factors on Immunological Outcomes

The Influence of Nutritional Factors on Immunological Outcomes

Epidermal Growth Factor in the CNS: A Beguiling Journey from Integrated Cell Biology to Multiple Sclerosis. An Extensive Translational Overview

New Epidermal-Growth-Factor-Related Insights Into the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis: Is It Also Epistemology?

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