The Effect of a Statewide Smoking Ordinance on Acute Myocardial Infarction Rates

Basel, Paul; Bartelson, Becki Bucher; Lait, M.C. Le; Krantz, Mori J.

doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.09.014

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…After removal of duplicates, 4408 unique citations were screened for title and abstract, and 515 full-text articles were screened for eligibility. Of these, 144 population-level studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in analysis (eFigure 1 in Supplement 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of 144 studies, 26 studies were cohort or longitudinal, 66 studies were interrupted time series, 25 studies were controlled before and after, and 27 studies were cross-sectional. The plurality of the studies (72 studies [50.0%]) were conducted in the United States, 45 studies (31.2%) were conducted in Europe, 14 studies…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plurality of the studies (72 studies [50.0%]) were conducted in the United States, 45 studies (31.2%) were conducted in Europe, 14 studies (9.7%) were conducted in the United Kingdom, and 13 studies (9.0%) were conducted elsewhere (mostly in Asia and Latin America). Most studies evaluated smoke-free legislation (126 studies…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Population-Level Tobacco Control Interventions and Health Outcomes

et al. 2023

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ImportanceSmoking causes considerable noncommunicable diseases, perinatal morbidity, and mortality.ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of population-level tobacco-control policies with health outcomes.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and EconLit were searched from inception to March 2021 (updated on 1 March 2022). References were manually searched.Study SelectionStudies reporting on associations of population-level tobacco control policies with health-related outcomes were included. Data were analyzed from May to July 2022.Data Extraction and SynthesisData were extracted by 1 investigator and cross-checked by a second investigator. Analyses were conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were respiratory system disease (RSD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, mortality, hospitalization, and health care utilization. The secondary outcomes were adverse birth outcomes, such as low birth weight and preterm birth. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs.ResultsOf 4952 records identified, 144 population-level studies were included in the final analysis; 126 studies (87.5%) were of high or moderate quality. The most frequently reported policies were smoke-free legislation (126 studies), followed by tax or price increases (14 studies), multicomponent tobacco control programs (12 studies), and a minimum cigarette purchase age law (1 study). Smoke-free legislation was associated with decreased risk of all CVD events (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.86-0.94), RSD events (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.96), hospitalization due to CVD or RSD (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87-0.95), and adverse birth outcomes (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.96). These associations persisted in all sensitivity and subgroup analyses, except for the country income category, for which a significant reduction was only observed in high-income countries. In meta-analysis, there was no clear association of tax or price increases with adverse health outcomes. However, for the narrative synthesis, all 8 studies reported statistically significant associations between tax increases and decreases in adverse health events.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, smoke-free legislation was associated with significant reductions in morbidity and mortality related to CVD, RSD, and perinatal outcomes. These findings support the need to accelerate the implementation of smoke-free laws to protect populations against smoking-related harm.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Population-Level Tobacco Control Interventions and Health Outcomes

et al. 2023

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“…In Panama, the smoking prevalence prior to the legislation was very low (9 %). 94 In the study conducted in Colorado 93 , the statewide comprehensive legislation had been preceded by several city-wide smoking ordinances, including two cities included in this review 19, 67 , which found significant decreases in acute myocardial infarction hospitalization after implementation of these local smoking ordinances. Following the enactment of these legislations, the prevalence of smoking was reduced by 2.4 % and 2.6 % in Colorado and Panama, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…93, 94 The studies were conducted in Colorado and Panama. In Panama, the smoking prevalence prior to the legislation was very low (9 %).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Events Following Smoke-Free Legislations: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jones

Barnoya

Stranges

et al. 2014

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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Background Legislations banning smoking in indoor public places and workplaces are being implemented worldwide to protect the population from secondhand smoke exposure. Several studies have reported reductions in hospitalizations for acute coronary events following the enactment of smoke-free laws. Objective We set out to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies examining how legislations that ban smoking in indoor public places impact the risk of acute coronary events. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and relevant bibliographies including previous systematic reviews for studies that evaluated changes in acute coronary events, following implementation of smoke-free legislations. Studies were identified through December 2013. We pooled relative risk (RR) estimates for acute coronary events comparing post- vs. pre-legislation using inverse-variance weighted random-effects models. Results Thirty-one studies providing estimates for 47 locations were included. The legislations were implemented between 1991 and 2010. Following the enactment of smoke-free legislations, there was a 12 % reduction in hospitalizations for acute coronary events (pooled RR: 0.88, 95 % CI: 0.85–0.90). Reductions were 14 % in locations that implemented comprehensive legislations compared to an 8 % reduction in locations that only had partial restrictions. In locations with reductions in smoking prevalence post-legislation above the mean (2.1 % reduction) there was a 14 % reduction in events compared to 10 % in locations below the mean. The RRs for acute coronary events associated with enacting smoke-free legislation were 0.87 vs. 0.89 in locations with smoking prevalence pre-legislation above and below the mean (23.1 %), and 0.87 vs. 0.89 in studies from the Americas vs. other regions. Conclusion The implementation of smoke-free legislations was related to reductions in acute coronary event hospitalizations in most populations evaluated. Benefits are greater in locations with comprehensive legislations and with greater reduction in smoking prevalence post-legislation. These cardiovascular benefits reinforce the urgent need to enact and enforce smoke-free legislations that protect all citizens around the world from exposure to tobacco smoke in public places.

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Legislative smoking bans for reducing harms from secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption

Frazer

Callinan²,

McHugh

et al. 2016

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

356

266

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The Effect of a Statewide Smoking Ordinance on Acute Myocardial Infarction Rates

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Evaluation of Population-Level Tobacco Control Interventions and Health Outcomes

Evaluation of Population-Level Tobacco Control Interventions and Health Outcomes

Cardiovascular Events Following Smoke-Free Legislations: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Legislative smoking bans for reducing harms from secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption

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