The Effect of a Ten-Week Aerobic Training on Atherogenic Indices, Lipid Profile, and Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women with Type II Diabetes

Abstract

Background: Atherogenic indices are among risk factors of diabetes which can cause cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 10-week aerobic training on atherogenic indices, lipid profile, and body composition in women with type II diabetes. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 40 postmenopausal women with type II diabetes (aged 40 to 60 years) were selected using convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. The exercise protocol included a 10-week aerobic training [aerobic exercise and walking for 3d/wk, 45 to 60 min/d with 45 to 60% heart rate reserve (HRR)]. The atherogenic indices of non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-c), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio (LDL-c/HDL-c ratio), total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio (TC/HDL-c), lipid product index (LPA), lipid profile, and body composition were measured before and after the intervention. The obtained data were analyzed using t-test. The statistical significance criterion was set at P < 0.05. Results:The results showed that the levels of TG, LDL-c/HDL-c, and TC/HDL-c significantly decreased as a result of the intervention. However, the changes of LPA, AIP, HDL-c, LDL-c, TC, non-HDL-c, and body composition indices were not significant. Conclusions: Considering the results of the current study, it seems that aerobic exercise and walking with appropriate volume and intensity can affect atherogenic indices, lipid profile, and body composition in diabetic patients and can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis, among these patients. Further studies are needed to achieve more accurate results.

The Effect of Moderate Exercise on Monocyte Chemo-Attractant Protein-1 in Atherogenic Ovariectomized Rats

“…Regarding the effect of exercise on atherogenic index in the previously mentioned subgroups, the results are in consistent with the study done by Antoninus et al [51] who showed that continuous exercise training significantly decrease the atherogenic index of plasma as a method of decreasing cardiovascular risk in sedentary non-obese males. On the other hands, Ghorbanian B et al [68] founded that aerobic exercise training induced non-significant decrease AIP in post-menopausal women, and TG, LDL-c/HDL-c, and TC/HDL-c significantly decreased .The current study also revealed elevated levels of platelets activations after ovariectomy is in agreement with the study done by Lundberg et al [69] and Singla A. et al [70] who reported that platelets of postmenopausal women were more reactive to aggregate than of premenopausal suggesting increased incidence of athero-thrombotic events in postmenopausal women. This may be because platelets contain the estrogen receptor β ,17β-estradiol has inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation in vitro and this inhibition is lost in postmenopausal women.…”

Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac), a Versatile and Resourceful Food Spice with Cornucopia of Polyphenols

“…Interestingly, several human studies have also revealed the antidiabetic potential of sumac. In a study on the dietary supplementation with Rhus coriaria powder in type II diabetic women, significant reduction in serum glucose and insulin resistance index as well as the antioxidant potential of the diet were recorded [83]. The author also reported desirable effects on body weight, body mass index and other anthropometric indices.…”