The effect of a topical anaesthetic formulation, systemic flunixin and carprofen, singly or in combination, on cortisol and behavioural responses of Merino lambs to mulesing

Paull,; Lee, C; Colditz, Ian G.; Atkinson, SJ; Fisher, Andrew

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2007.00115.x

Cited by 105 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Haptoglobin concentrations were assayed in the same biochemical analyser using Tridelta haptoglobin kits (Tridelta Development Ltd., Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland). Plasma cortisol concentrations were determined using a commercial radioimmunoassay (Spectria Cortisol RIA, Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland), adapted and validated for ovine plasma according to the method described by Paull et al (2007). The detection limit of the assay was 5.0 nmol/L.…”

Section: Blood Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of welfare outcomes for weaner and mature Bos indicus bulls surgically or tension band castrated with or without analgesia: 2. Responses related to stress, health and productivity

Petherick

Small

Mayer³

et al. 2014

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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a b s t r a c tTension banding castration of cattle is gaining favour because it is relatively simple to perform and is promoted by retailers of the banders as a humane castration method. Two experiments were conducted, under tropical conditions using Bos indicus bulls comparing tension banding (Band) and surgical (Surgical) castration of weaner (7-10 months old) and mature (22-25 months old) bulls with and without pain management (NSAID (ketoprofen) or saline injected intramuscularly immediately prior to castration). Welfare outcomes were assessed using a range of measures; this paper reports on some physiological, morbidity and productivity-related responses to augment the behavioural responses reported in an accompanying paper. Blood samples were taken on the day of castration (day 0) at the time of restraint (0 min) and 30 min (weaners) or 40 min (mature bulls), 2 h, and 7 h; and days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 post-castration. Plasmas from day 0 were assayed for cortisol, creatine kinase, total protein and packed cell volume. Plasmas from the other samples were assayed for cortisol and haptoglobin (plus the 0 min sample). Liveweights were recorded approximately weekly to 6 weeks and at 2 and 3 months post-castration. Castration sites were checked at these same times to 2 months post-castration to score the extent of healing and presence of sepsis. Cortisol concentrations (mean ± s.e. nmol/L) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the Band (67 ± 4.5) compared with Surgical weaners (42 ± 4.5) at 2 h post-castration, but at 24 h post-castration were greater in the Surgical (43 ± 3.2) compared with the Band weaners (30 ± 3.2). The main effect of ketoprofen was on the cortisol concentrations of the mature Surgical bulls; concentrations were significantly reduced at 40 min (47 ± 7.2 vs. 71 ± 7.2 nmol/L for saline) and 2 h post-castration (24 ± 7.2, vs. 87 ± 7.2 nmol/L for saline). Ketoprofen, however, had no effect on the Band mature bulls, with their cortisol concentrations averaging 54 ± 5.1 nmol/L at 40 min and 92 ± 5.1 nmol/L at 2 h. Cortisol concentrations were also significantly elevated in the Band (83 ± 3.0 nmol/L) compared with Surgical mature bulls (57 ± 3.0 nmol/L) at weeks 2-4 post-castration. The timing of this * Corresponding author. Tel.: +61 (0)7 4936 0331; fax: +61 (0)7 4936 elevation coincided with significantly elevated haptoglobin concentrations (mg/mL) in the Band bulls (2.97 ± 0.102 for mature bulls and 1.71 ± 0.025 for weaners, vs. 2.10 ± 0.102 and 1.45 ± 0.025 respectively for the Surgical treatment) and evidence of slow wound healing and sepsis in both the weaner (0.81 ± 0.089 not healed at week 4 for Band, 0.13 ± 0.078 for Surgical) and mature bulls (0.81 ± 0.090 at week 4 for Band, 0.38 ± 0.104 for Surgical). Overall, liveweight gains of both age groups were not affected by castration method. The findings of acute pain, chronic inflammation and possibly chronic pain in the mature bulls at least, together with poor wound healing in the Band bulls support behavioural findings reported in...

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Section: Blood Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of welfare outcomes for weaner and mature Bos indicus bulls surgically or tension band castrated with or without analgesia: 2. Responses related to stress, health and productivity

Petherick

Small

Mayer³

et al. 2014

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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“…Haptoglobin concentrations were assayed in the same biochemical analyser indicated above using Tridelta haptoglobin kits (Tridelta Development Ltd., Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland). Plasma cortisol concentrations were determined using a commercial radioimmunoassay (Spectria Cortisol RIA, Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland), adapted and validated for bovine plasma, as described previously (Paull et al, 2007). The detection limit of the assay was 5.0 nmol/L.…”

Section: Blood Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare outcomes for 3- and 6-month-old beef calves in a tropical environment castrated surgically or by applying rubber rings

Petherick

Small

Reid³

et al. 2015

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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a b s t r a c tCastration of cattle using rubber rings is becoming increasingly popular due to the perceived ease of the procedure and greater operator safety when compared with surgical castration. Few comparative studies have investigated the effects of different castration methods and calf age on welfare outcomes, particularly in a tropical environment. Thirty Belmont Red (a tropically adapted breed), 3-month-old (liveweight 71-119 kg) and 30, 6-month-old (liveweight 141-189 kg) calves were assigned to a two age × three castration (surgical, ring and sham) treatment factorial study (Surg3, Surg6, Ring3, Ring6, Sham3 and Sham6, n = 10 for each treatment group). Welfare outcomes were assessed post-castration using: behaviour for 2 weeks; blood parameters (cortisol and haptoglobin concentrations) to 4 weeks; wound healing to 5 weeks; and liveweights to 6 weeks. More Surg calves struggled during castration compared with Sham and Ring (P < 0.05, 90 ± 7% vs. 20 ± 9% and 24 ± 10%) and performed more struggles (1.9 ± 0.2, 1.1 ± 0.3 and 1.1 ± 0.3 for Surg, Sham and Ring, respectively), suggesting that surgical castration caused most pain during performance of the procedure. A significant (P < 0.05) time × castration method × age interaction for plasma cortisol revealed that concentrations decreased most rapidly in Sham; the Ring6 calves failed to show reduced cortisol concentrations at 2 h post-castration, unlike other treatment groups. By 7 h post-castration, all treatment groups had similar concentrations. A significant (P < 0.01) interaction between time and castration method showed that haptoglobin concentrations increased slightly to 0.89 and 0.84 mg/mL for Surg and Ring, respectively over the first 3 days post-castration. Concentrations for Surg then decreased to levels similar to Sham by day 21 and, although concentrations for Ring decreased on day 7 to 0.76 mg/mL, they increased significantly on day 14 to 0.97 mg/mL before reducing to concentrations similar to the other groups (0.66 mg/mL) by day 21. Significantly (P < 0.05) more of the wounds of the 3-month compared with the 6-month calves scored as 'healed' at day 7 (74% vs. 39%), while more (P = 0.062) of the Surg than Ring scored as 'healed' at day 21 (60% vs. 29%). At day 14 there were significantly (P < 0.05) fewer healed wounds in Ring6 compared with other treatment groups (13% vs. 40-60%). Liveweight gain was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in 3-month (0.53 kg/day) than in 6-month calves (0.44 kg/day) and in Sham calves (P < 0.001, 0.54 kg/day), than in Ring (0.44 kg/day) and Surg (0.48 kg/day) calves. Overall, welfare outcomes were slightly better for Surg than Ring calves due to reduced inflammation and faster wound healing, with little difference between age groups. Crown

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“…The control group ewes remained in their pens and were bled at similar times to the stress group ewes. Plasma cortisol was determined using a commercial RIA (Spectria Cortisol RIA; Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland), adapted, and validated for ovine plasma (Paull et al 2007). …”

Section: Feed Intake and Stress Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term maternal psychological stress in the post-conception period in ewes affects fetal growth and gestation length

Smith¹,

Ferguson²,

Jaúregui³

et al. 2008

Reproduction

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Fetal development can be influenced by maternal environment in the peri-conceptional period. This study investigated the effect of maternal feed intake and psychological stress within the first 6 days after conception on embryo development and fetal growth. Superovulated ewes (nZ40) were artificially inseminated with semen from one ram. Ewes were then divided into four groups (nZ10): group 1 (control) was fed at maintenance level, group 2 (high) at 2! maintenance, and group 3 (low) at 0.5! maintenance on days 2-6 after conception. Group 4 (stress) was fed at maintenance level and then an intense physical and psychological stress challenge was applied for 1 h only on days 2 and 3 after conception. Embryos were recovered at day 6. A total of 113 transferable grade embryos were transferred singly into synchronized untreated recipients, while the remaining embryos (nZ165) were fixed and stained for cell counts. Post-conception maternal stress or feed intake did not alter the cell count or grade of day 6 embryos. Fetuses from the stress group had longer crown-rump lengths at day 30 and longer femur length at day 58. Fetuses from the stressed and high feed groups had greater abdominal circumferences at day 85. Subsequent birth weights were not significantly different. Ewes carrying lambs from the stress treatment had shorter gestation lengths. These results show that short-term perturbations of the post-conception maternal environment have measurable effects on fetal development and gestation length. IntroductionThe maternal environment in the peri-conceptional period can impact upon fetal or placental growth, gestation length, and postnatal health (Armitage et al. 2004, Fleming et al. 2004, McMillen & Robinson 2005, Oliver et al. 2007). This has important implications for human health. In commercial animal production, the notion that the animal's maximum production potential and health is affected by conditions during pregnancy creates an imperative to identify the critical time periods and mechanisms for fetal programming.Nutrient-restricted diets around the time of conception in sheep have been shown to affect fetal development and physiology. Diet restriction for 2-3 weeks prior to mating resulted in altered embryo morphology and increased embryonic trophectoderm cell numbers (Abecia et al. 1997, Nolan et al. 1998. Gestation length was reduced by a week in ewes as a result of severe nutrient restriction from 1 month prior to conception through to month 2 of gestation (Bloomfield et al. 2003). More moderate feed restriction from 60 days prior to through to 7 days after conception resulted in earlier hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis activation in twin but not singleton pregnancies (Edwards & McMillen 2002). Nutrient excess, via high feed intake from days 5 to 55 of gestation, reduced fetal cotyledon mass and lamb birth weight (Wallace et al. 2003). In gilts fed 2! maintenance from the day after conception for 2 weeks, higher embryonic losses were associated with lower maternal serum progesterone (Jindal ...

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The effect of a topical anaesthetic formulation, systemic flunixin and carprofen, singly or in combination, on cortisol and behavioural responses of Merino lambs to mulesing

Cited by 105 publications

References 37 publications

A comparison of welfare outcomes for weaner and mature Bos indicus bulls surgically or tension band castrated with or without analgesia: 2. Responses related to stress, health and productivity

A comparison of welfare outcomes for weaner and mature Bos indicus bulls surgically or tension band castrated with or without analgesia: 2. Responses related to stress, health and productivity

Welfare outcomes for 3- and 6-month-old beef calves in a tropical environment castrated surgically or by applying rubber rings

Short-term maternal psychological stress in the post-conception period in ewes affects fetal growth and gestation length

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