The effect of a weekly flywheel resistance training session on elite U-16 soccer players’ physical performance during the competitive season. A randomized controlled trial

Raya-González, Javier; Castillo, Daniel; Keijzer, Kevin L de; Beato, Marco

doi:10.1080/15438627.2020.1870978

Cited by 36 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The present results of FRT on sprint performance are in contrast with a recently published study on FRT by Fiorilli et al [27], but is in line with findings by Raya-González et al [35]. Both studies included youth soccer players performing FRT in addition to their regular soccer training programme.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Both studies included youth soccer players performing FRT in addition to their regular soccer training programme. Fiorilli et al [27] showed increased performance in the 60 m linear sprint after 6 weeks of FRT, two times per week, whereas Raya-González et al [35] showed no increments in acceleration or linear sprint performance (10, 20 and 30 m sprint) after ten weeks of FRT, one session per week. Interestingly, the participants in both studies improved in vertical jump performance (SJ and CMJ for the study by Fiorilli et al and Raya-González et al, respectively) [27,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fiorilli et al [27] showed increased performance in the 60 m linear sprint after 6 weeks of FRT, two times per week, whereas Raya-González et al [35] showed no increments in acceleration or linear sprint performance (10, 20 and 30 m sprint) after ten weeks of FRT, one session per week. Interestingly, the participants in both studies improved in vertical jump performance (SJ and CMJ for the study by Fiorilli et al and Raya-González et al, respectively) [27,35]. One important difference between these studies and the present study is the direction of the applied load during FRT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Autoregulated Flywheel and Traditional Strength Training on Training Load Progression and Motor Skill Performance in Youth Athletes

Westblad

Petré

Kårström

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: The effects of flywheel resistance training (FRT) on youth are relatively unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of autoregulated FRT with traditional strength training (TST) on jumping, running performance and resistance training load progression in youth athletes. Thirty youth athletes (11.8 ± 0.9 yr) were matched for peak height velocity (PHV) status and block-randomised into two groups: FRT (n = 15, PHV −0.8 ± 1.6) and TST (n = 15, PHV −0.8 ± 1.5). Twelve resistance training sessions over a six-week intervention with flywheel or barbell squats were performed using autoregulated load prescription. Squat jump (SJ); countermovement jump (CMJ); and 10 m, 20 m and 30 m sprints were assessed pre- and post-intervention. The external load increased similarly for FRT and TST (z = 3.8, p = 0.06). SJ increased for both groups (p < 0.05) but running performance was unaffected (p > 0.05). Conclusions: FRT resulted in similar load progression and motor skill development in youth athletes as TST, but the perceived exertion was less. Autoregulation is a practical method for adjusting training load during FRT and should be considered as an alternative to autoregulated TST.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Effect of Autoregulated Flywheel and Traditional Strength Training on Training Load Progression and Motor Skill Performance in Youth Athletes

Westblad

Petré

Kårström

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…However, positive responses to ERT have been shown following training interventions prescribing eccentric hamstrings training and flywheel inertia training (FIT) in pre-PHV athletes [ 24 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Additionally, post-PHV athletes have shown improvements in performance after completing such methods as well [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 33 , 54 ]. However, it should be acknowledged that further research is required to better understand how maturation may influence the responses to these methods in youth and the subsequent differences in training stimuli required as the athlete matures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, potential concerns of male and female youths being at greater risk of fatigue and muscle damage compared to adults following eccentric exercise is not supported by current literature [ 22 , 23 ]. From a performance perspective, ERT in youth has also been shown to lead to improvements in strength and power, change of direction, sprint performance and injury prevention [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Additionally, tasks which include high levels of eccentric forces such as jumping, landing, hopping, and deceleration are all considered key athletic motor skills competencies that should be developed in youth [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eccentric Resistance Training in Youth: A Survey of Perceptions and Current Practices by Strength and Conditioning Coaches

Drury

Clarke

Moran

et al. 2021

JFMK

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Background: Eccentric resistance training (ERT) in youth is advocated for aiding performance and injury risk. However, research investigating the applied practices of ERT in youth is in its infancy. In this study, we surveyed the perceptions and practices of practitioners utilizing ERT in youth to provide an understanding of its current application in practice. Methods: Sixty-four strength and conditioning coaches completed an online survey reporting their current use of ERT in youth using both open and closed questions. Results: Coaches deemed the inclusion of ERT important in youth with its inclusion based upon factors such as maturation status, training age and strength levels. Coaches also displayed an awareness of the physiological responses to eccentric exercise in youth compared to adults. ERT was primarily used for injury prevention, with the majority of coaches using body-weight and tempo exercises. Furthermore, utilizing eccentric hamstrings exercises was reported as highly important. The frequency of ERT tended to increase in older age groups and coaches mainly prescribed self-selected rest intervals. Finally, the need for further research into the training guidelines of ERT in youth was highlighted, in which coaches require more information on how maturation influences training adaptations and the fatigue–recovery responses. Conclusion: Coaches emphasized the importance of including ERT for both performance and injury prevention factors in youth although further research is required to generate practical guidelines for coaches in order to support its inclusion within practice.

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Building for the Future: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Eccentric Resistance Training on Measures of Physical Performance in Youth Athletes

Bright

Handford

Mundy³

et al. 2023

Sports Med

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Background Eccentric resistance training is recognised as an effective stimulus for enhancing measures of muscular strength and power in adult populations; however, its value in youth athletes is currently not well understood. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to critically appraise the effects of eccentric resistance training on measures of physical performance (i.e. muscular strength, jump, sprint and change of direction) in youth athletes 18 years of age and under. Methods Original journal articles published between 1950 and June 2022 were retrieved from electronic search engines of PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar’s advanced search option. Full journal articles investigating the acute and chronic effects of eccentric resistance training on measures of physical performance in youth athletes (i.e. a person 18 years of age or under who competes in sport) were included. The methodological quality and bias of each study were assessed prior to data extraction using a modified Downs and Black checklist. Results The search yielded 749 studies, of which 436 were duplicates. Three-hundred studies were excluded based upon title and abstract review and a further 5 studies were removed following the modified Downs and Black checklist. An additional 14 studies were identified during backward screening. Accordingly, 22 studies were included in our systematic review. The Nordic hamstring exercise and flywheel inertial training were the most frequently used eccentric resistance training methods in youth athletes. Improvements in physical performance following the Nordic hamstring exercise are dependent upon an increase in the breakpoint angle, rather than training volume (sets and repetitions), and are further elevated with the addition of hip extension exercises or high-speed running. A minimum of 3 familiarisation trials is necessary to elicit meaningful adaptations following flywheel inertial training. Furthermore, an emphasis should be placed upon decelerating the rotating flywheel during the final one to two thirds of the eccentric phase, rather than gradually throughout the entire eccentric phase. Conclusions The findings of this systematic review support the inclusion of eccentric resistance training in youth athletes to improve measures of muscular strength, jump, sprint and change of direction performance. The current eccentric resistance training methods are predominantly limited to the Nordic hamstring exercise and flywheel inertial training; however, the efficacy of accentuated eccentric loading to improve jump performance warrants attention in future investigations.

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The effect of a weekly flywheel resistance training session on elite U-16 soccer players’ physical performance during the competitive season. A randomized controlled trial

Cited by 36 publications

References 34 publications

The Effect of Autoregulated Flywheel and Traditional Strength Training on Training Load Progression and Motor Skill Performance in Youth Athletes

The Effect of Autoregulated Flywheel and Traditional Strength Training on Training Load Progression and Motor Skill Performance in Youth Athletes

Eccentric Resistance Training in Youth: A Survey of Perceptions and Current Practices by Strength and Conditioning Coaches

Building for the Future: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Eccentric Resistance Training on Measures of Physical Performance in Youth Athletes

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