The Effect of Abrasion Surface Treatment on the Bonding Behavior of Various Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites

Zaldivar, Rafael J.; Kim, H. I.; Steckel, Gary L.; Nokes, J. P.; Patel, Dhruvil

doi:10.1163/156856111x618425

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…2 Abrasion techniques have recently been shown to negatively affect the bond performance of ultrahigh modulus fiber composites due to the generation of subsurface fiber-matrix decoupling damage caused during the surface preparation procedure. 3 Additional concerns with abrasion treatment are generation of particulate contamination as well as operator inconsistency in the process. The peel ply technique is implemented for bonding aircraft, satellite, and launch vehicle composite parts, by co-curing a woven material onto the bonding surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of atmospheric plasma as a surface preparation process for the bonding of space composite materials

Zaldivar

Steckel

Nokes

et al. 2013

The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design

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There is a growing interest in the use of atmospheric plasma treatment techniques for the surface preparation of fiberreinforced composite hardware before bonding. In this article, we will discuss the effects of atmospheric plasma treatment on the chemical and physical properties of two types of composites (cyanate ester and epoxy) and the resultant mechanical properties. Atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the surface morphology and chemistry of the treated composites and were correlated to lap shear bond strengths. We observed a strong correlation between the increases in lap shear strength with the surface carboxyl concentration of the composite after treatment as verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Changes in surface roughness appeared to be secondary in nature. As a result, we have separated the mechanical contributions caused by etching-induced surface roughness from chemical contributions due to formation of specific reactive surface functional groups. The mechanical and chemical mechanisms that govern surface properties and contribute to the observed enhanced bonding will be discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of atmospheric plasma as a surface preparation process for the bonding of space composite materials

Zaldivar

Steckel

Nokes

et al. 2013

The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design

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“…However, some topics remain unexplored. Firstly, most of the previous findings [26,30,36,[42][43][44][45] were not based on joints with a very high joint performance, e.g., the single-lap-shear strength of these joints was typically in the range 5-27 MPa. The use of higher-performance adhesives (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for aerospace bonding) have been less widely investigated. Secondly, for the adhesive bonding of fibre composites, the effects of the fibre parameters (e.g., fibre material, strength, tensile modulus) and fibre deployment (unidirectional/woven/short-cut) and the effects of matrix parameters (e.g., thermoset versus thermoplastic and chemical compatibility with adhesive) have been studied extensively [15,40,43]. However, the influence of the manufacturing process has not received equal attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of CFRP surface topography on the adhesion and strength of composite-composite and composite-metal joints

Viswanathan-Chettiar

Sun

et al. 2023

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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“…Fiber-reinforced resin matrix composite materials are a critical enabling technology for the design and manufacture of future launch vehicles and satellite structures due to their high specific stiffness and strength. 1 Epoxy matrix materials offer a very wide array of possible chemistries that can be tailored to meet both thermal and mechanical requirements. 2 However, the dimensional stability of epoxy matrix composites is limited due to their hygroscopic nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrolysis susceptibility and carbamate formation for a low moisture-absorbing, siloxane-modified cyanate ester resin matrix (TC410) material used for composite space applications

Zaldivar

Ferrelli

Kim

2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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Siloxane-modified cyanate ester resins are ideal matrix materials for next-generation, high-precision composites used for radomes and satellite structures. They provide extremely low moisture uptake, excellent microcracking resistance, and protection from atomic radiation. However, cyanate ester resins have been shown to be susceptible to hydrolysis during cure, which may significantly impact both mechanical and thermal performance. In this investigation, we evaluate the cure kinetics and hydrolysis susceptibility of a siloxane-modified prepreg system (TC410/M55J). DSC tests verified that the Ea of polymerization for the TC410 system is 65 KJ/mol. Samples were also exposed to moisture during cure at several temperatures, and FTIR was used to follow changes in the carbonyl peak absorption intensity to compare the rate kinetics and activation energy for hydrolysis leading to carbamate formation (52 KJ/mol). DMA tests of composites exhibited significantly reduced Tg’s with increasing moisture levels during cure. TGA of these cured samples exhibited both a significant decrease in the onset of the thermal decomposition temperature as well as an increase in the relative degree of volatiles generated at low temperature. Flatwise tension strength tests showed a linear reduction in strength with decreasing Tg, at an equivalent trend to previous work on an M55J/RS3C system indicating a similar mechanism. However, the added margin provided from the higher initial FWT strength in the TC410 system allows for larger decreases in Tg before significant degradation occurs. Laminates manufactured on composite mandrels resulted in parts with larger decreases in the tool-side Tg of the part when compared to the bag-side Tg, with the differential depending on the initial moisture content of the tool. AFM was shown to selectively identify these carbamate-affected regions by showing that the recession behavior of these less cross-linked areas was greater than in areas where the resin was properly cured. Composites with increased carbamate formation resulted in increasing warpage of the part with elevated temperature exposure due to variations in stress relaxation. This effect should be considered when manufacturing precision, high-dimensional stability composite hardware.

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The Effect of Abrasion Surface Treatment on the Bonding Behavior of Various Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of atmospheric plasma as a surface preparation process for the bonding of space composite materials

Characterization of atmospheric plasma as a surface preparation process for the bonding of space composite materials

Effect of CFRP surface topography on the adhesion and strength of composite-composite and composite-metal joints

Hydrolysis susceptibility and carbamate formation for a low moisture-absorbing, siloxane-modified cyanate ester resin matrix (TC410) material used for composite space applications

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