The effect of activation time on water sorption behavior of nitrogen-doped, physically activated, monolithic carbon for adsorption cooling

Huber, Lukas A.; Hauser, Stefanie Beatrice; Brendle, Eric; Ruch, Patrick; Ammann, Jens; Hauert, Roland; Widmer, Remo N.; Ubert, Christopher J.; Matam, Santhosh Kumar; Yoon, Songhak; Zhang, Yucheng; Koebel, Matthias M.

doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2018.09.025

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…As presented in Figure 3 f, the C 1s spectrum is divided into four peaks by Gaussian fitting, located at 284.5, 285.1, 286.1, and 287.8 eV, which are ascribed to the bonds of C=C, C-C/C-N, C-O, and C=O, respectively [ 17 ]. The high-resolution N 1s spectrum is deconvoluted into four peaks at 398.8, 399.7, 400.5, and 401.7 eV, are assigned to pyridinic-N (N-6), pyridone-N or pyrrolic-N (N-5), quaternary-N (N-Q), and pyridine N-oxide (N-X) as illustrated in Figure 3 g [ 50 , 51 ]. The O 1s XPS spectrum is fitted into four peaks at approximately 531.3, 532.5, 533.2, and 533.9 eV, corresponding to the oxygen-containing groups C=O, C-O, C-O-C, and O-C=O, respectively, as presented in Figure 3 h [ 17 , 52 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Route to Produce Highly Efficient Porous Carbons Recycled from Tea Waste for High-Performance Symmetric Supercapacitor Electrodes

Kang

Lai

et al. 2022

Molecules

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High-performance porous carbons derived from tea waste were prepared by hydrothermal treatment, combined together with KOH activation. The heat-treatment-processed materials possess an abundant hierarchical structure, with a large specific surface of 2235 m2 g−1 and wetting-complemental hydrophilicity for electrolytes. In a two-electrode system, the porous carbon electrodes’ built-in supercapacitor exhibited a high specific capacitance of 256 F g−1 at 0.05 A g−1, an excellent capacitance retention of 95.4% after 10,000 cycles, and a low leakage current of 0.014 mA. In our work, the collective results present that the precursor crafted from the tea waste can be a promising strategy to prepare valuable electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors, which offers a practical strategy to recycle biowastes into manufactured materials in energy storage applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Route to Produce Highly Efficient Porous Carbons Recycled from Tea Waste for High-Performance Symmetric Supercapacitor Electrodes

Kang

Lai

et al. 2022

Molecules

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“…The [N] is similar in the bulk and surface cases, as expected from the addition via phenanthroline, because after initial mixing with the other reagents, it became fully incorporated into the solid. One can note that nitrogen and oxygen can also be incorporated through the initial addition of melamine or urea to the RF resin, the carbon activation with CO 2 , or its impregnation with KOH. − …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With those considerations in mind, a carbon-based adsorbent is discussed in the present work: nanoporous sponges (NPSs) are heat-treated resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resins, preferably with oxygen (O) and/or nitrogen (N) functionalities added on their surface. Carbonized RF resins have already been reported in the literature for supercapacitor and CO 2 adsorption applications. − Pyrolyzed RF resins, , with the presence of melamine , or urea, have also been investigated as water sorbents, but mostly under the form of monoliths for adsorption heat pump applications. We have performed physical characterization of the NPS sorbent, determined its water harvesting capabilities, and have applied a theoretical model to better grasp underlying fundamental mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbonized RF resins have already been reported in the literature for supercapacitor and CO 2 adsorption applications. 20−22 Pyrolyzed RF resins, 23,24 with the presence of melamine 25,26 or urea, 27 have also been investigated as water sorbents, but mostly under the form of monoliths for adsorption heat pump applications. We have performed physical characterization of the NPS sorbent, determined its water harvesting capabilities, and have applied a theoretical model to better grasp underlying fundamental mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoporous Sponges as Carbon-Based Sorbents for Atmospheric Water Generation

Legrand

Klassen

Watson

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Water scarcity threatens more and more people in the world. Moisture adsorption from the atmosphere represents a promising avenue to provide fresh water. Nanoporous sponges ("NPSs" ), new carbon-based sorbents synthesized from the pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, can achieve comparable performance to metal organic framework-based systems, but at a significantly lower cost. Oxygen and nitrogen functionalities can be added to the NPS surface, through oxidation and addition of phenanthroline to the initial reagent mixture, respectively. The resulting NPS sorbents have high specific surface areas of 347 to 527 m 2 •g −1 and an average capillary-condensation-compatible pore size of 1.5 nm. When oxidized, the NPS can capture up to 0.28 g of water per gram of adsorbent at a relative pressure of 0.90 (0.14 g•g −1 at P/P sat = 0.40) and maintain this adsorption capacity over multiple adsorption/desorption cycles. Scaled-up synthesis of the NPS was performed and tested in an experimental water capture setup, showing good agreement between small-and larger-scale adsorption properties. Water adsorption isotherms fitted with the theoretical model proposed by Do and Do demonstrate that hydroxyl functionalities are of key importance to NPS behavior.

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“…In addition, after pyrolysis the nitrogen content is higher in the F1.5 series than in the RMF series, which is a strong indication of the better integration of melamine in the F1.5 series. In fact previously reported XPS results of melamine and urea containing resins show that the originally pyridinic nitrogen gets partially converted to quaternary nitrogen and to a lesser extent to pyridine nitrogen oxide as well as probably pyrrolic or pyridine type nitrogen upon pyrolysis [13,42,43]. The oxygen content is also significantly lower in F1.5 carbons, possibly pointing towards a large amount of non-crosslinked hydroxymethylated formaldehyde moieties that were removed during the thermal treatment.…”

Section: Chemical Composition and Molecular Structurementioning

confidence: 88%

Monolithic resorcinol–formaldehyde alcogels and their corresponding nitrogen-doped activated carbons

Civioc

Lattuada

Koebel

et al. 2020

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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Here we report the adaptation of formaldehyde crosslinked phenolic resin-based aerogel and xerogel synthesis to ethanolbased solvent systems. Three specific formulations, namely one resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) and two resorcinolmelamine-formaldehyde (RMF) systems were studied. As-prepared resins were characterized in terms of envelope and skeletal density. Furthermore, resin samples were pyrolyzed and activated in a CO 2 gas atmosphere using a single-step protocol. The corresponding carbon materials featured high surface areas, moderate water uptake capacity and thermal conductivities in the 0.1 W.m −1 K −1 range, in line with comparable activated carbons. The amount of formaldehyde in the synthesis of the RMF derived carbons proved to be a critical parameter in terms of both structural features and amount of N dopant in the carbonaceous matrix. Furthermore, a high formaldehyde concentration also has a drastic effect on the pore structure of the corresponding RMF carbons, leading primarily to mesopore formation without almost any macropore formation. Perhaps more importantly, the effect of the ammonia curing catalyst concentration on the material microstructure showed the opposite effect as observed in classical, water-based phenolic resin preparations. The ethanol-based synthesis clearly affects the pore structure of the resulting materials but also opens up the possibility to create inorganic/organic hybrid materials by simple combination with classical alkoxide-based silica sol-gel chemistry.

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The effect of activation time on water sorption behavior of nitrogen-doped, physically activated, monolithic carbon for adsorption cooling

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

A Simple Route to Produce Highly Efficient Porous Carbons Recycled from Tea Waste for High-Performance Symmetric Supercapacitor Electrodes

A Simple Route to Produce Highly Efficient Porous Carbons Recycled from Tea Waste for High-Performance Symmetric Supercapacitor Electrodes

Nanoporous Sponges as Carbon-Based Sorbents for Atmospheric Water Generation

Monolithic resorcinol–formaldehyde alcogels and their corresponding nitrogen-doped activated carbons

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