The Effect of Acute and Chronic Infection-Induced by AvrA Protein of Salmonella typhimurium on Radical Oxygen Species, Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog, and Cellular Homolog Expression During the Development of Colon Cancer

Abstract

AIM. The aim of the study was to analyze Avra's effector in inducing cancer stem cells into colon cancer through increased radical oxygen species (ROS), PTEN expression and c-myC as markers of tumorigenesis in mice model of the colorectal cancer infected with S. typhimurium.
 METHODS. The study used balb c mice induced once a week by 10 mg / mL / day of AOM for 1-week and 12-week treatment period. Isolation of S. typhimurium specific protein had been carried out before being induced to mice in intraperitoneal manner in the amount of 40 mL / 50 mL. Propagation of S. typhimurium ATCC bacteria with MacConkey media and isolation of S. typhimurium protein were administered. The sample was divided into 4 groups, positive control group (group that was only exposed to azoxymethane (AOM), group exposed to both AOM and AvrA (AOM + AvrA), and group exposed to both AOM and S. typhimurium (AOM + S. typhimurium). Blood flow cytometry and soft tissue sampling for IHC and data analysis were then conducted.
 RESULTS. The results of the study showed that there was an increase in the expression of ROS, PTEN and c-Myc. Increased ROS expression was found in the 12-week treatment period group and it was known that such increase was due to AOM + S. typhimurium (45.78 ± 2.93) induction compared to AOM, AOM + AvrA and control (p <0.05). PTEN and C-myc expression increased at the 12th week compared to the negative control.
 CONCLUSION. Inflammation is the triggering factor for colorectal cancer, in which the expression of ROS, PTEN and c-Myc as the colorectal cancer markers increases in both the acute and chronic phases.

Cut-off Point of Ki-67 Proliferation Marker in Differentiating Premalignant and Malignant Prostatic Lesions

“…Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) increases the risk of prostate cancer. On transrectal ultrasound, the PIN may be hypoechoic, like carcinoma but this declaration had not been confirmed (1)(2)(3). Most urologists and radiologists do not believe that PIN can be detected by using transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because the PIN is a microscopic finding (4).…”

AvrA Salmonella Increases TLR4/NF-κB/β-catenin/TGF-β Expressions of Colorectal Cancer Mice Model

“…The Indonesian Biomedical Journal, Vol 15,. No.6, December 2023, p.351-436 Print ISSN: 2085-3297, Online ISSN: 2355-9179…”