The Effect of Add-on Garcinia mangostana L. Extract on Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjects with High Risk Framingham Score: A Cohort Study

Handayani, Olivia; Sargowo, Djanggan; Rohman, Mohammad Saifur; Satrijo, Budi; Tjahjono, Cholid Tri; Hendrawan, Dadang

doi:10.21776/ub.hsj.2020.001.01.5

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“…Procyanidin showed cardioprotective effects by promoting blood vessel relaxation and inhibiting LDL oxidation [ 48 ] as well as acting as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents [ 49 ]. Further, a prospective cohort study showed that G. mangostana extract supplementation in diabetic individuals improved endothelial dysfunction by increasing endothelial progenitor cells and the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase, along with decreased concentrations of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), malondialdehyde and nitric oxide [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, limited studies in humans have not reported toxicity of the compounds present in purple mangosteen rind. The dose of α-mangostin in HM rats of 168 mg/kg/day is equivalent to about 1680 mg/day for an adult human [ 50 ]. Single doses of a lower dose of α-mangostin (305 mg [ 57 ] or 330 mg [ 58 ]) to healthy humans showed no gastrointestinal distress or other symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rind from Purple Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Attenuates Diet-Induced Physiological and Metabolic Changes in Obese Rats

et al. 2021

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The pulp of the purple mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana, is a popular tropical fruit but the rind containing xanthones such as α-mangostin together with procyanidins and anthocyanidins is usually discarded as waste. However, this rind has been used in South-East Asia for diarrhoea, dysentery, skin infections and wounds. As xanthones have reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses, this study has determined the bioactive compounds and evaluated the effects of G. mangostana rind on physiological, metabolic, liver and cardiovascular parameters in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Rats fed a diet with increased simple sugars and saturated fats developed obesity, hypertension, increased left ventricular stiffness, dyslipidaemia and fatty liver. Administration of G. mangostana rind as 5% of the food to rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome gave a dose of 168 mg/kg/day α-mangostin, 355 mg/kg/day procyanidins, 3.9 mg/kg/day anthocyanins and 11.8 mg/kg/day hydroxycitric acid for 8 weeks which reduced body weight and attenuated physiological and metabolic changes in rats including decreased abdominal fat deposition, decreased abdominal circumference and whole-body fat mass, improved liver structure and function and improved cardiovascular parameters such as systolic blood pressure, left ventricular stiffness and endothelial function. These responses were associated with decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells, decreased deposition of collagen in both heart and liver and decreased mean adipocyte size in retroperitoneal adipose tissues. We conclude that, in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome, chronic intake of G. mangostana rind decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells which decreased physiological, metabolic, liver and cardiovascular symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%