The effect of addition of Ca, K and Mn over Ni-based catalyst on steam reforming of toluene as model tar compound

Heo, Dong Hyun; Lee, Roosse; Hwang, Jong Ha; Sohn, Jung Min

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2015.09.057

Cited by 62 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…To date, numerous tar elimination techniques, such as thermal cracking, physical capture, catalytic reforming, plasma cracking etc., have been exploited [6,7]. Among these techniques, catalytic tar reforming has been believed widely as a technically and economically feasible method to convert tar into light gas [8][9][10][11][12]. Recently, char/char-supported catalysts, which have the below advantages: (ⅰ) inexpensive and easily available due to the easy and abundant production of char from coal/biomass pyrolysis; (ⅱ) the spent catalyst can be directly/simply gasified/burned to recover the char's energy without any additional regeneration and disposal, have been widely reported as a promising medium to substantially reform/crack tar into light gases and coke [4,11,[13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of structure and activity of char-supported iron catalysts prepared for steam reforming of bio-oil

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2017

Fuel Processing Technology

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The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in iron phase, crystal size, surface area, and char structure/reactivity of the char-supported iron catalysts after them being used for bio-oil reforming. The catalysts were prepared under different conditions (varying in temperatures, gasification agents and iron concentrations) and then used to reform bio-oil under a fixed experimental condition at 800 °C. The results show that the catalysts prepared from the steam gasification of Fe-loaded coal were preferred in terms of catalytic performance. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the iron phases in the fresh catalysts varied while the used catalysts nearly showed identical iron phase of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4). The crystal iron particle in the catalysts would apparently increase after reforming when the initial iron phase was carbides (γ-Fe and/or α-Fe). The char structure of the catalysts was significantly affected by the "volatile-char interactions" during reforming process. And the catalysts" surface area and reactivity in air were both reduced mainly due to the coke formation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of structure and activity of char-supported iron catalysts prepared for steam reforming of bio-oil

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2017

Fuel Processing Technology

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“…Some of the elements can promote the catalytic performance of corresponding catalysts, and many researchers had confirmed that the addition of K, Ca, Mg, and Fe could improve the catalyst performance. 13,18,[37][38][39] On the other hand, the catalyst crystalline phase could be controlled by adjusting chemical composition of CFA support. The Ni/CFA-6h having the highest catalytic activity may be because of the formation of Fe-rich Fe-Ni alloy particles, which was also reported by relative reference.…”

Section: The Performance Of Ni/cfa-t Catalysts With Different Acid mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 Although its performance was still lower than Ni/SiO 2 and Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalysts, it was higher than Ni/α-Al 2 O 3 , Ni/dolomite, and Ni/olivine catalysts had reported. 18 This indicates that the CFA support has certain advantage contrasting with natural mineral, although there are certain gaps contrasting with expensive nano Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 materials, which can provide a large number of active component load centers. Generally, the catalyst performance can be improved by increasing catalyst quantities.…”

Section: Catalytic Performance Comparing With Traditional Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, Ni-based catalysts have been widely investigated for the steam reforming of biomass tar due to its high activity. [13][14][15][16][17][18] For all kinds of catalysts, Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 are widely used as the catalyst supports because of their large surface area. 15,16,[19][20][21] Coal fly ash (CFA)-a solid waste produced in thermal power plants as a result of coal combustion-is one of cost-effective materials that also can be used as a catalyst support.…”

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Catalytic steam reforming of toluene as model tar compound using Ni/coal fly ash catalyst

Lü

Xiong

et al. 2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Coal fly ash (CFA), a solid waste from power plants, was selected as the support of Ni-based catalysts used for steam reforming of toluene in a fixedbed reactor. The CFA support was thermally pretreatment first, followed by chemical activation with different treatment time (6 h to 4 days) in 2-mol/L HNO 3 solution. Then, series low-cost catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation. The prepared catalysts were characterized suitably by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauere-Emmette-Teller (BET), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and Raman techniques. According to the catalyst characterization, the chemical pretreatment could improve the support property by adjusting the chemical composition. The Fe-rich Fe-Ni and Ni-Co alloy was formed by H 2 reduction on the Ni/CFA-6h and Co-Ni/CFA-6h catalysts, respectively. In the catalytic steam reforming of toluene, the Ni/CFA-6h had the best catalytic active among all monometallic catalysts, which could be attributed to the existence of Fe 0.94 Ni 0.06 particles, and its performance could be further improved after partly replacing Ni by Co. The Co-Ni/CFA-6h catalyst exhibited the best ability of carbon deposit resistance, implying that its catalytic performance slightly lower than Ni/SiO 2 was due to the too large S BET surface area gap. K E Y W O R D S carbon deposit, catalyst, coal fly ash, steam reforming, toluene 1 | INTRODUCTION Recently, the depletion of fossil fuel is increasingly becoming a global concern. So along with the shortage of fossil fuels, biomass has drawn considerable attention owing to its high availability, low emission, and renewability. 1,2 Of all biomass thermochemical conversion technologies, gasification, in particular, enables the transformation of biomass into syngas, which include hydrogen and carbon monoxide. 3 Syngas can be converted into many kinds of chemical substances through the Fischer-Tropsch method and can be used for power generation. 4-6 However, the formation of tar in the syngas is the primary challenge and urgently facing the gasification process. 7 Biomass tars mainly are largely aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, and naphthalene, and they constitute condensable fractions of the organic gasification product. 8 The presence of tar in syngas contributes to end-use problems such as blockages and corrosion in downstream filters, fuel line, engine nozzles, and turbines. 9 Therefore, the removal of biomass tar is an urgent problem to be solved at present.

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“…Bimetallic catalyst has been proven to increase the catalytic efficiency due to synergistic combination of both metals improving stability and resistance from deactivation [7,8]. Ni and Co metal catalysts are cost effective and makes it as promising candidates for SRT Several studies have reported that bimetallic Ni-Co catalyst produced higher conversion in SRT and other tar model compounds for H2 production with high stability in SR reaction [9][10][11][12]. In fact, Co catalyst registered much higher activity than Ni catalysts and has been extensively used in SR of oxygenates (methanol and ethanol) [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

Catalytic Steam Reforming of Toluene for Hydrogen Production over Nickel-Cobalt Supported Activated Carbon

Yahya

Amin²

2019

IJIE

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Global energy supply is almost entirely dependent on fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas [1]. Thus, utilization of non-renewable resources has led to a significant increase of greenhouse gas emission affecting the environment due to climate change. Therefore, reduction of global warming impact has driven the attention towards utilizing renewable source of energy, including biomass [2]. Synthesis gas (syngas), a mixture of primarily carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) has been seen as a promising energy source to replace conventional fossil fuelbased energy. Syngas can also be utilized as an alternative to natural gas fuel for power or H2 production. Compared to fossil fuel, biomass has significant advantages such as abundantly available, inexhaustibility, renewability, carbonneutrality and low sulfur content. The syngas can also be used further as a feedstock for the production of hydrocarbon fuels via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) process. However, biomass-based syngas contains high concentration of tars byproducts, which represent a mixture of several aromatic compounds, that prevents the syngas from direct use and requires an effective tar removal approach. It is essential to remove tar content prior to syngas utilization because the inevitable tars-byproduct causes clogging of lines and heat exchangers as well as catalyst deactivation due to coke formation [3]. Tar formation poses as the greatest hurdles of successful implementation of biomass gasification technologies in a commercial scale. Hence, the removal of tar in biomass gasification is highly desirable. Catalytic steam reforming (SR) of tar is one of the most promising technique because of its high conversion efficiency for hydrogen production [4]. Additionally, catalytic SR of tars is able to increase syngas production where it

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The effect of addition of Ca, K and Mn over Ni-based catalyst on steam reforming of toluene as model tar compound

Cited by 62 publications

References 22 publications

Evolution of structure and activity of char-supported iron catalysts prepared for steam reforming of bio-oil

Evolution of structure and activity of char-supported iron catalysts prepared for steam reforming of bio-oil

Catalytic steam reforming of toluene as model tar compound using Ni/coal fly ash catalyst

Catalytic Steam Reforming of Toluene for Hydrogen Production over Nickel-Cobalt Supported Activated Carbon

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