The Effect of Additives and Reductors in Selective Reduction Process of Laterite Nickel Ore

Nurjaman, Fajar; Sa'adah, Anis; Shofi, A.; Apriyana, Wuri; Suharno, Bambang

doi:10.17146/jsmi.2018.20.1.5404

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…From the XRD pattern and SEM pictures, the wustite was not found. According to the previous result (Nurjaman et al, 2018), the wustite promotes the increasing of nickel content in concentrate due to the nonmagnetic of wustite and also the growth of ferronickel particle due to the agglomeration particle in liquidus phase at low temperature (980ºC). The high aluminum oxide in lowgrade nickel ore was tended to inhibit the wustite formation.…”

Section: Effect Of the Amount Of Reductant On Grade In Ferronickel Comentioning

confidence: 76%

Selective Reduction of High Alumina-Lateritic Nickel Ore (0.5 Ni-44Fe-16Al2O3)

Nurjaman

Wahyuningsih

Karo

et al. 2019

J. Rekayasa Kim. Lingkung.

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In this present study, the effect of reductant dosage, temperature and holding time on selective reduction process of high alumina-lateritic nickel ore have been investigated clearly. The lateritic nickel ore was reduced with 5 until 15 wt. % anthracite and 10 wt. % sodium sulfate at reduction temperature of 950ºC, 1050ºC and 1150°C for 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Magnetic separation process was then conducted to separate the concentrate and tailing. The analysis of reduced nickel ore is performed by the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and Secondary Electron Microscopy. The optimal process resulted from the reduction of nickel ore with 10 wt. % anthracite at the temperature of 1050°C for 120 minutes which resulted in 0.84% nickel in concentrate. The troilite was not found in reduced ore. The iron grade increased along the increased of reduction temperature. The longer of holding time in selective reduction process increased the nickel grade but it decreased the iron grade.

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Section: Effect Of the Amount Of Reductant On Grade In Ferronickel Comentioning

confidence: 76%

Selective Reduction of High Alumina-Lateritic Nickel Ore (0.5 Ni-44Fe-16Al2O3)

Nurjaman

Wahyuningsih

Karo

et al. 2019

J. Rekayasa Kim. Lingkung.

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“…Nurjaman et al [58] investigated the production of metallic concentrates from laterite ores with a nickel content of 1.4 wt% using sodium sulfate as an additive and anthracite coal or palm shell charcoal as a reducing agent. Magnetic separation was employed to remove the tailings from magnetic ferronickel particles.…”

Section: Pre-reduction Of Nickel Resources Using Bio-based Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both reducing agents were suitable to produce metallic concentrates, however, the nickel grade in the concentrate produced with anthracite was higher (6.1 wt%) compared to the concentrate produced using palm shell charcoal (4.6 wt%). This was explained by the higher sulfur content in anthracite compared to palm shell charcoal, which leads to an additional generation of FeS particles and a decreased iron metallization [58].…”

Section: Pre-reduction Of Nickel Resources Using Bio-based Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacing Fossil Carbon in the Production of Ferroalloys with a Focus on Bio-Based Carbon: A Review

Sommerfeld

Friedrich

2021

Minerals

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The production of ferroalloys and alloys like ferronickel, ferrochromium, ferromanganese, silicomanganese, ferrosilicon and silicon is commonly carried out in submerged arc furnaces. Submerged arc furnaces are also used to upgrade ilmenite by producing pig iron and a titania-rich slag. Metal containing resources are smelted in this furnace type using fossil carbon as a reducing agent, which is responsible for a large amount of direct CO2 emissions in those processes. Instead, renewable bio-based carbon could be a viable direct replacement of fossil carbon currently investigated by research institutions and companies to lower the CO2 footprint of produced alloys. A second option could be the usage of hydrogen. However, hydrogen has the disadvantages that current production facilities relying on solid reducing agents need to be adjusted. Furthermore, hydrogen reduction of ignoble metals like chromium, manganese and silicon is only possible at very low H2O/H2 partial pressure ratios. The present article is a comprehensive review of the research carried out regarding the utilization of bio-based carbon for the processing of the mentioned products. Starting with the potential impact of the ferroalloy industry on greenhouse gas emissions, followed by a general description of bio-based reducing agents and unit operations covered by this review, each following chapter presents current research carried out to produce each metal. Most studies focused on pre-reduction or solid-state reduction except the silicon industry, which instead had a strong focus on smelting up to an industrial-scale and the design of bio-based carbon for submerged arc furnace processes. Those results might be transferable to other submerged arc furnace processes as well and could help to accelerate research to produce other metals. Deviations between the amount of research and scale of tests for the same unit operation but different metal resources were identified and closer cooperation could be helpful to transfer knowledge from one area to another. Life cycle assessment to produce ferronickel and silicon already revealed the potential of bio-based reducing agents in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, but was not carried out for other metals until now.

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“…Therefore, many researchers have developed a new method for low-temperature processes, such as the reduction process followed with magnetic separation process (Nurjaman et al, 2018;Keskinkilic, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sulfur in the reductants on sulfidation mechanism of nickel laterite

Nurjaman,

Sari,

Handoko

et al. 2021

IMJ

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Processing nickel laterite conventionally, namely by pyrometallurgy method, requires high temperature and energy, results in a costive process. Due to its lower temperature reduction process, selective reduction with additives could be an alternative in nickel ore processing. Additives such as sulfur/sulfate have a critical role in promoting the low melting point phase. Sulfur is also found in coal. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effect of sulfur content in reductant on selective reduction of lateritic nickel ore. In this work, the effect of sulfur content (2.68% and 5% S) in anthracite coal as a reductant on selective reduction of limonitic ore was studied clearly. Nickel ore, reductant and sodium sulfate were mixed homogenously and pelletized up to 10-15 mm in diameter. Pellets were reduced using a muffle furnace at 950 to 1150°C for 60 min. Reduced pellets were crushed into -200 mesh before separating the ferronickel and its impurities using a wet magnetic separation process. The result showed that the anthracite coal with 5% S produced concentrate containing 3.56% Ni with 95,97% recovery, which is higher than 2.68% S. The sulfur content in reductant could replace the addition of sulfur/sulfate as the additives in the selective reduction of lateritic nickel ore.

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The Effect of Additives and Reductors in Selective Reduction Process of Laterite Nickel Ore

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Selective Reduction of High Alumina-Lateritic Nickel Ore (0.5 Ni-44Fe-16Al2O3)

Selective Reduction of High Alumina-Lateritic Nickel Ore (0.5 Ni-44Fe-16Al2O3)

Replacing Fossil Carbon in the Production of Ferroalloys with a Focus on Bio-Based Carbon: A Review

Effect of sulfur in the reductants on sulfidation mechanism of nickel laterite

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