The effect of additives on palatability, voluntary
intake and digestibility of lucerne and whole-crop
oat silages

Borowiec, F.; Zając, T.; Kowalski, Z.M.; Micek, P.; Marciński, M.

doi:10.22358/jafs/70119/2001

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, it seems unlikely that the samples were so little differentiated, considering that they belonged to samples derived from varieties with different precociousness, with different DM levels, cultivated under stressful or very favourable conditions and collected both before or after the 33% milk line phase. It seems therefore that FZS was able to sufficiently detect differences in the quality of fermentations between samples obtained in field conditions, as also noted by other authors (Borowiec et al, 2001), but it was not suitable in detecting differences between samples obtained under standardized or slightly differentiated conditions, as also detected by Gallo and colleagues (2016b) for the difference between samples collected at the centre or at the sides of the silo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Given the importance of maize silage in cattle feeding and the impact that its quality can have on animal health and animal productions, in this study we wanted to test some new indexes for the evaluation of maize silage quality, comparing them with the Flieg-Zimmer's Score, an index widely used for the evaluation of maize silage (Borowiec et al, 2001;Gallo et al, 2016a). We also wanted to test the reliability of FZS on lab-scale maize silages, as these silages are now widely used in research, to test for example different cultivars, the use of inocula, nutrient losses, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proposal and validation of new indexes to evaluate maize silage fermentative quality in lab-scale ensiling conditions through the use of a receiver operating characteristic analysis

Andrighetto

Serva

Gazziero

et al. 2018

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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In the context of dairy cow feeding, it is increasingly important to know the quality of the maize silage used in the ration and therefore, it appears to be crucial optimizing the techniques necessary to assess it. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the Flieg-Zimmer's score (FZS), could properly estimate the quality of fermentations of maize silage made in a lab-scale ensiling system, and to calculate and validate new quality indexes suitable for lab-scale fermentations. The experimental dataset was obtained by analysing through near-infrared spectroscopy 522 samples of whole maize crop ensiled immediately after the harvest, using the vacuum-packing technique. The five (I1-I5) new indexes were calculated on the basis of seven parameters chosen among pH, lactic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids, ethanol, mannitol and ammonia. All the indexes were tested for normality with the Shapiro-Wilk test. In order to define the accuracy with which the new indexes ranked the maize silage on the basis of its fermentation quality, a ROC analysis was performed, using the FZS as gold standard test and dichotomizing the FZS in two levels according to a cutoff (FZS < 2 80, non-excellent vs. FZS ≥ 80, excellent). Accuracy was determined through the value of the area under the curve (AUC). Finally, a one-way ANOVA model was used to compare the quality of maize silage with low (< 320 g/kg), medium (320-360 g/kg) and high (> 360 g/kg) dry matter (DM). In the lab-scale silages the new indexes were normally distributed, whereas the FZS was not. The new indexes showed values of AUC ranging between 0.78 and 0.89, with the I5 index showing the best combination of sensitivity (0.87) and specificity (0.77) in discriminating between good and poor quality silage. The cutoff of the new indexes ranged between 45.5 and 57.4 points. The lab-scale silages were all excellent, no matter the category of DM. However, while the FZS did not differ among the 3 categories (mean FZS = 98.7), all the other indexes were significantly higher in silages with low DM (P < 0.001). Silages with low DM had the highest concentrations of lactic acid (56.4 g/kg DM, P < 0.001), ammonia (61.4 g/kg DM, P < 0.001) and butyric acid (0.62 g/kg DM, P < 0.001) as well. Data confirmed that the new proposed indexes are promising in describing the fermentation quality of maize silage in both field and lab-scale conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%