The effect of adrenaline on the contraction of mammalian skeletal muscle

Goffart, M; Ritchie, J. M.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004710

Cited by 105 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Adrenaline, for example, causes an increase in the twitch tension of unfatigued mammalian muscle. Goffart & Ritchie (1952) concluded that the most plausible explanation was that adrenaline caused a prolongation of the time course of the active state and suggested that such a prolongation might also account for the effects of other means by which the single maximal twitch can be increased: e.g. addition of caffeine or of potassium, previous activity, or the application of high pressure.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The effect of nitrate on the active state of muscle

Ritchie¹

1954

The Journal of Physiology

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121

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The inherent response of the contractile material of muscle to a stimulus, the active state, is abrupt and reaches its full extent immediately at the end of the latent period; at this time the contractile material is capable of exerting the same tension in response to a single stimulus as it does in a tetanus (Hill, 1949).But the development of tension by whole muscle in an isometric contraction is gradual, because there is a series elastic component which must be stretched while tension is being developed and the rate of this stretching is limited by the relation between force and velocity of shortening ofthe contractile material.For a tetanus, where the successive elements of the stimulus maintain the active state at its full extent for the period of stimulation, Hill (1949) has shown that the form of the isometric myogram depends only on the stress-strain relation of the series elasticity and on the characteristic relation between force and velocity of shortening. In a single maximal twitch a third factor is involved, for the active state begins to decay very soon after it has been established

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confidence: 99%

“…Both are known to augment the contraction of single maximal twitches (Kahn & Sandow, 1950;Goffart & Ritchie, 1952). Two series of experiments were made.…”

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The effect of nitrate on the active state of muscle

Ritchie¹

1954

The Journal of Physiology

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121

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“…However, we find that this effect is not invariably associated with any form of twitch potentiation which we have studied (see also Goffart & Ritchie, 1952). Delayed removal of sarcoplasmic calcium ion during the twitch seems necessary to explain potentiatorinduced increases in the duration of the interval during which the dP/dt curves of twitch and tetanus coincide.…”

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confidence: 81%

“…Other studies of twitch potentiators have shown that these agents generally produce a prolonged 'active state' (Edwards, Ritchie & Wilkie, 1956;Goffart & Ritchie, 1952;Harris, 1958;Hill & Macpherson, 1954;Hutter & Noble, 1960;Lammers & Ritchie, 1955;Ritchie, 1954b). A commonly used index for estimating the duration of the plateau of the fully 'active state' is the interval during which the dP/dt curves of twitch and tetanus coincide (Hill, 1950d;Macpherson & Wilkie, 1954), a technique based on the assumption that tetanus at optimum stimulus frequency results in persistence of the 'active state' at its maximum level of intensity.…”

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The time course of early changes in the rate of tension development in electrically‐stimulated frog toe muscle: effects of muscle length, temperature and twitch‐potentiators

Foulks¹,

Perry²

1966

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. An RC circuit employing a piezo-electric crystal was used to differentiate the tension output of electrically stimulated frog toe muscle.2. The rate of tension development curves (dP/dt) usually displayed an initial step-wise increase in the rate of tension development, and often showed further discernible steps in tension acceleration. The successive stages of tension acceleration tended to be equal in duration, and approximated the length of the latent period (ca. 4 msec at room temperature). These observations suggest a synchronous turnover of the links between the myofilaments during the initial interval following stimulation, with an over-all cycle time at room temperature of about 8 msec.3. Lowering the temperature produced proportionate alterations in the duration as well as the magnitude of each successive phase of tension development, with a Qlo of approximately 2.4. Characteristic changes in the pattern of tension generation were seen with alterations in muscle length, and at lengths greater than 120 % of the standard length the irregularities in the dP/dt curves disappeared and the rate of tension development increased in linear fashion. This behaviour could be accounted for by the hypothetical S-filaments connecting the free ends of the thin actin filaments across the H-zone.5. The effects of nine twitch potentiators were studied. Only perchlorate produced prominent increases in the earliest phase of tension development and in maximum tetanus tension-properties expected with an increase in the excitation-induced release of calcium ion into the sarcoplasm (increased intensity of the 'active state').6. The time of onset of the increases in tension acceleration which were produced by twitch potentiators did not correlate with their capacity to lower the 'mechanical threshold', indicating that the amount of calcium J. C. FOULKS AND FLORENCE A. PERRY released by the action potential is not necessarily altered by a shift in the membrane potential at which calcium release occurs.7. All potentiators studied proved capable of (a) augmenting the rate of increase of tension generation (slope of dP/dt curves) during their rapid phase, as well as (b) increasing the interval during which the dP/dt curves for twitch and tetanus coincide. These effects often occurred separately.

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“…It could be due to an increased rate of decay of the active state of the contractile mechanism, though it has been suggested that larger concentrations of adrenaline prolong the active state of rat diaphragm (Goffart & Ritchie, 1952).…”

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confidence: 99%

Proceedings of the Physiological Society, 10‐11 November 1967, Mill Hill Meeting: Communications

1968

The Journal of Physiology

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The effect of adrenaline on the contraction of mammalian skeletal muscle

Cited by 105 publications

References 8 publications

The effect of nitrate on the active state of muscle

The effect of nitrate on the active state of muscle

The time course of early changes in the rate of tension development in electrically‐stimulated frog toe muscle: effects of muscle length, temperature and twitch‐potentiators

Proceedings of the Physiological Society, 10‐11 November 1967, Mill Hill Meeting: Communications

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