The effect of age and growth traits on puberty and reproductive performance in the gilt

Burnett, P. J.; Walker, N.; Kilpatrick, D. J.

doi:10.1017/s0003356100019036

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This likely is a function of most gilts achieving a level of development permitting a response to boar contact. This suggestion is in agreement with the data of Burnett et al (1988) and Knott et al (1984). Therefore, a weight or age difference at commencement of boar contact would still be evident at puberty.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of pre- and postpubertal feeding on production traits at first and second estrus in gilts.

Beltranena

Aherne

Foxcroft

et al. 1991

Journal of Animal Science

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The effects of feeding level on body weight (BW), lifetime growth rate, backfat thickness (BF), fatness (BF/BW) and ovulation rate at first (puberty) and second estrus were examined in 145 gilts. From 47.2 kg until puberty, gilts were fed 2.0 kg/d (L) or had ad libitum access to feed (H). From puberty to second estrus, the feed allowance of one-half of the L gilts was increased to 2.8 kg/d. Flush-feeding only normalized ovulation rate (OR) to that observed in gilts with ad libitum access to feed. At puberty, a quadratic negative relationship between lifetime growth rate and age indicated that age at puberty was minimum at a growth rate of less than or equal to .60 kg/d. Thereafter, age at puberty became independent of, or possibly positively related to, lifetime growth rate. Gilts with higher lifetime growth rate also were heavier and fatter at puberty. It was concluded that puberty may have been attained when a certain BF or fatness was achieved, because growth rate of restricted-fed gilts and quickly growing gilts with ad libitum access to feed may have been associated with reduced fat deposition. Hence, maximizing growth rate in replacement gilts does not hasten the attainment of puberty. Growth rate may be manipulated by feed restriction, in order to attain a target BW at boar stimulation (approximately 90 kg), which would coincide with a minimum age (approximately 155 d) and BW at puberty (approximately 97 kg). Nutritional flushing during the first estrous cycle then could be used to normalize OR at mating at second estrus of gilts that were restricted-fed when prepubertal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of pre- and postpubertal feeding on production traits at first and second estrus in gilts.

Beltranena

Aherne

Foxcroft

et al. 1991

Journal of Animal Science

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“…The duration of estrus thus obtained was also consistent with the documentation by Eliasson [8] that the duration of the estrus at puberty was considerably shorter than subsequent estrus (1.8 vs. 2.1 days). As to synchrony of the induced estrus, we were able to substantiate the results obtained by Burnett and Walkers [5] that PG 600 was effective at inducing well synchronized estrus. The gilts receiving the low dose combination of GTH exhibited signs of standing reflex within 6 days after treatment, in contrast to the untreated control gilts which attained spontaneous puberty and came into estrus at a great variability of age as mentioned above.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…However, this is not surprising since it is plausible that the genital organs of young prepuberal gilts at 5 months of age would not have fully grown. Nevertheless undergoing stimulation by the exogenous GTH, the small sized uterus would accept only a limited number of the fertilized ova resulting in the small litter size, since prenatal survival is known to be correlated with uterine capacity [5,6]. The control gilts in our trial who were inseminated after attaining spontaneous puberty later at various ages had increased litter sizes born alive progressively ranging from 8.3 to 10.0 piglets bred at 171 to 240 days of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Precocious Estrus and Reproductive Ability Induced by PG 600 in Prepuberal Gilts

Iwamura

Sone

Kawarasaki

et al. 1999

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A total of 29 SPF Large White prepuberal gilts (mean age 152 days at treatment) were examined for estrous and ovulatory responses after PG 600 treatment. After treatment, 85.2% of the gilts showed standing estrus within 6 days. Whereas the treatment-toestrus interval and duration were 3.7 and 1.9 days respectively. As ovulation occurred on Day 5 to 6, appropriate timing of artificial insemination would be about 4 days after treatment. Fertility of gilts revealed to be excellent, giving rise to a high percentage of normal embryos, 85.3%. Meanwhile, development and growth of fetuses were mostly normal. Other reproductive performances recorded were: mean litter size 6.8; mean birth weight 1.26 kg; weaning-to-return estrus interval 5 to 8 days. In conclusion, PG 600 was found to be useful in inducing fertile estrus in prepuberal gilts, a result which will be of interest for commercial pig farms.-KEY WORDS: estrus, fertility, ovulation, PG 600, swine (gilt).J. Vet. Med. Sci. 61(1): 7-11, 1998 treatment) were injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly in the neck behind the ear with 5 ml of a reconstituted solution of PG 600 (PMSG 400 IU + hCG 200 IU/vial, Intervet International B.V., Boxmeer, Holland) in a diluent (phosphate buffer pH 7.0) on Day 0. Whereas the untreated and spontaneously puberal gilts (mean age 211 days at insemination) were allocated to the control group. Animals were housed in individual stalls and checked twice daily for signs of estrus in the presence of teaser boars after treatment. Among those which exhibited standing estrus, 14 gilts were artificially inseminated twice with a separating interval of 12 hr on the days of displaying standing reflex with a semen containing 9 × 10 9 of sperm gentamycin in 60 ml of Modena extender [19].Eleven gilts in estrus without insemination were slaughtered on Days 3 to 6 post treatment and examined for ovarian responses. The number of mature follicles and number of corpora lutea (CL) were recorded.An other 7 gilts in estrus and inseminated afterwards were slaughtered on Days 8 to 9 and their reproductive tracts were recovered. Likewise, the number of follicles and the ovulation rate were recorded. Embryos were recovered by flushing with 100 ml of PBS (sterile phosphate buffer) via a sterilized Foly catheter (22 Fr, 30 ml; Cutter, Japan) inserted into the uterine lumen through a small incision made at the site near the uterine body and subjected to microscopic examination for the morphology.Four anestrous gilts were slaughtered on Day 10 and subjected to examination for the ovarian response to check whether ovulation had occurred.Three gilts among the artificially inseminated animals were slaughtered on Days 34 and 38 and their reproductive organs were collected. The uterine horns were dissected along the longitudinal direction and the fetuses were recovered.Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) in combination with either human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) has been known to induce estrus and subsequent ov...

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“…Thus, effective controlled stimulation of puberty (to minimize the time required to breed a group of gilts) is possible only when the majority of gilts are sexually mature (Burnett et al 1988;Dyck 1988a). Once a producer has established an effective age at which to move gilts and expose them to a mature boar, the type of housing facility and management become critical factors affecting the efficiency of puberty stimulation (Dyck 1988a For personal use only.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Breed of Sire, Dietary Intake and Housing Facilities on the Attainment of Puberty in Crossbred Gilts

Dyck¹

1989

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Dycx, G. W. 1989. lnfluence of breed of sire, dietary intake and housing facilities on the attainment of puberty in crossbred gilts. Can. J. Anim. Diet intake restriction and group penning had similar effects on the mean interval to puberty, with C and R gilts averaging 13.6+1.0 and 11 .4+1.0 d (P<0.01), and S and G gilts averaging 12.3+0.9 and 18.7-F 1.1 d (P<0.01). Both the R and G treatments resulted in a delay in the attainment of puberty as compared to S-penned C gilts. This difference was apparent within 3 d. The delay in puberty associated with diet intake restriction was found only in S-penned gilts and was eliminated l0 d after the R gilts were placed on the C level of diet intake. The group penning delay in attaining puberty was evident for 31 d in Y-sired gilts and to the end of the experiment in L-sired gilts.In L-sired gilts 85.3 and 55.6% of the S and G gilts, respectively, attained puberty (P<0.05) as compared to74.6 and76.9% of the Y-sired gilts. Thus, the ability of the gilt to attain pubeny in response to boar exposure is dependent on the breed of gilt, diet intake and pen type, with stails and an adequate growth rate required for the greatest response.

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The effect of age and growth traits on puberty and reproductive performance in the gilt

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of pre- and postpubertal feeding on production traits at first and second estrus in gilts.

Effects of pre- and postpubertal feeding on production traits at first and second estrus in gilts.

Precocious Estrus and Reproductive Ability Induced by PG 600 in Prepuberal Gilts

Influence of Breed of Sire, Dietary Intake and Housing Facilities on the Attainment of Puberty in Crossbred Gilts

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