The Effect of Air Ionization in Testing Perovskite-Based Direct Conversion X-ray Detectors

Haruta, Yuki; Huber, Paul; Hart, Alexander; Bazalova-Carter, Magdalena; Saidaminov, Makhsud I.

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.3c02399

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In order to exclude the effect of air ionization, we prepared a reference device in which the perovskite membrane under investigation was replaced by an insulator glass and measure the current under the same conditions (Figures f and S6, see more test details in Supporting Information). The average sensitivities were determined to be 6521.6 ± 700 μC Gy air –1 cm –2 after eliminating the interference of air ionization under low dose rates of 1.2–5.9 μGy air s –1 at 25 V (Figures S7 and S8). We also compared the sensitivity values reported so far for biocompatible X-ray detectors based on both rigid and flexible semiconductors including metal-free perovskite single crystals, ,, metal-free perovskite flexible polycrystalline thin films, , organics, , and metal–organic frameworks (MOF) in Figure g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible Metal-Free Perovskite Membranes for Wearable X-ray Detectors

Liu,

Cui,

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Halide perovskites are emerging as promising materials for X-ray detection owing to their compatibility with flexible fabrication, cost-effective solution processing, and exceptional carrier transport behaviors. However, the challenge of removing lead from highperforming perovskites, crucial for wearable electronics, while retaining their superior performance, persists. Here, we present for the first time a highly sensitive and robust flexible X-ray detector utilizing a biocompatible, metal-free perovskite, MDABCO-NH 4 I 3 (MDABCO = methyl-N′-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium). This wearable X-ray detector, based on a MDABCO-NH 4 I 3 thick membrane, exhibits remarkable properties including a large resistivity of 1.13 × 10 11 Ω cm, a high mobility-lifetime product (μ−τ) of 1.64 × 10 −4 cm 2 V −1 , and spin Seebeck effect coefficient of 1.9 nV K −1 . We achieve a high sensitivity of 6521.6 ± 700 μC Gy air −1 cm −2 and a low detection limit of 77 nGy air s −1 , ranking among the highest for biocompatible X-ray detectors. Additionally, the device exhibits effective X-ray imaging at a low dose rate of 1.87 μGy air s −1 , which is approximately one-third of the dose rate used in regular medical diagnostics. Crucially, both the MDABCO-NH 4 I 3 thick membrane and the device showcase excellent mechanical robustness. These attributes render the flexible MDABCO-NH 4 I 3 thick membranes highly competitive for nextgeneration, high-performance, wearable X-ray detection applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible Metal-Free Perovskite Membranes for Wearable X-ray Detectors

Liu,

Cui,

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Additionally, thorough testing and accurate characterization of MHPPDs are imperative. 189 Common issues include the overestimation of D * due to the oversight of noise currents other than J d , 190 the challenges in testing MHPPDs for direct X-ray detection under atmospheric conditions, 191 and incorrect application of formulas or linear fitting in assessing the LDR of MHPPDs. 192 Implementing advanced characterization techniques is fundamental to elucidate the chemical, morphological, structural, and optoelectronic attributes of MHPs, which assist in mitigating J d in MHPPDs.…”

Section: Summary and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for suppressing dark current of perovskite photodiodes towards reliable optoelectronic applications

Wang,

Song,

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. C

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Wearable Photoferroelectric Perovskite X‐Ray Detectors

Li,

Wang,

Luo

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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High‐sensitivity wearable radiation detectors are essential for personnel protection in radiation environments such as defense, nuclear facilities, and medical fields. Traditional detectors using bulk crystals lack flexibility, and emerging perovskite films suffer from lead toxicity and poor charge transport. Herein, lead‐free photoferroelectric hybrid metal halide perovskite flexible membranes for wearable detectors are presented, offering superior X‐ray response with sensitivities up to 7872 ± 517 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 at 50 V bias and 394 ± 67 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 in a self‐driven mode, detection limit of lower than 77 nGyair s−1, and excellent imaging capabilities. This exceptional performance is attributed to the spontaneous polarization that promotes efficient charge transport. Additionally, they show remarkable radiation stability, long‐term air stability, mechanical fatigue resistance, and water stability. They also exhibit efficient energy response under the Compton effect and meet the angle response requirements of the International Electrotechnical Commission standard for direct‐reading personal dose equivalent meters, paving the way for their integration into flexible, wearable dosimeters. These advancements have the potential to drive the realization of the next generation of flexible wearable radiation detectors.

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The Effect of Air Ionization in Testing Perovskite-Based Direct Conversion X-ray Detectors

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Biocompatible Metal-Free Perovskite Membranes for Wearable X-ray Detectors

Biocompatible Metal-Free Perovskite Membranes for Wearable X-ray Detectors

Strategies for suppressing dark current of perovskite photodiodes towards reliable optoelectronic applications

Wearable Photoferroelectric Perovskite X‐Ray Detectors

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