The effect of alcohol strength on alcohol consumption: findings from a randomised controlled cross-over pilot trial

Perman-Howe, Parvati Rose; Davies, Emma; Foxcroft, David

doi:10.1186/s40814-021-00777-4

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In a recently published overview of the literature on production, consumption and impact of low and no‐alcohol drinks [ 5 ], we found very little research on this topic coming from a public health perspective (e.g. on labelling [ 6 , 7 , 8 ] and marketing [ 9 ]) and almost no research focusing on whether low‐ and no‐alcohol products can contribute to reduction in overall ethanol consumption, although at least one innovative trial attempting to answer this question with reduced alcohol beer is currently in progress [ 10 ], and another small study found that reduction in wine alcohol content did not lead to increase of wine consumed [ 11 ]. Thus at this point, it is too early to make conclusions about this approach as a public health measure aimed at reducing alcohol‐related harm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐alcoholic beer in the European Union and UK: Availability and apparent consumption

Kokole

Llopis

Anderson

2021

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Introduction Market research indicates an increasing interest in low‐ and no‐alcohol drinks in Europe, but there is no systematic overview of their availability and consumption. In this article, we present data on the availability and apparent consumption of non‐alcoholic beer in the European Union and the UK. Methods We use Sold production, exports and imports by PRODCOM list (NACE Rev. 2) dataset, available in Eurostat, to extract the available data on sold production, exports and imports of non‐alcoholic beer in the EU‐27 (total and country‐level) and the UK between 2013 and 2019, and additionally calculate the apparent consumption. Results Between 2013 and 2019, the sold production volume in the EU increased from 0.59 to 1.38 billion litres, the value from 0.42 to 1.28 billion EUR and value per litre from 0.72 to 0.93 EUR/L. In 2019, the share of non‐alcoholic beer represented 3.8% of all beer volume and 4.1% of all beer value produced. Five countries accounted for 80.8% of sold production volume: Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Poland and Czechia. The Netherlands and Germany were the largest exporters, while importing was distributed more equally. Per capita, average apparent consumption (2017–2019) was highest in Czechia, followed by the Netherlands, Spain, Luxembourg and Germany. Discussion and Conclusions Our results show the increasing availability of non‐alcoholic beer in the EU‐27, although overall changes seem to be driven by a small number of countries. More research is needed at the country‐level on no‐ and low‐alcohol consumption trends and drivers, and their impact on alcohol‐related harm reduction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐alcoholic beer in the European Union and UK: Availability and apparent consumption

Kokole

Llopis

Anderson

2021

Drug and Alcohol Review

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“…Furthermore, a 2009 US study estimated that 26% of alcoholic drink energy content is derived from non‐alcohol ingredients 110 which would allow for further reformulation. Short‐term randomized control trials show that reductions to alcoholic drink serving size 111 and ABV 112 decrease amount of alcohol consumed. Therefore, reformulation could be of particular benefit to consumers as it would result in the amount of energy being consumed from alcoholic drinks decreasing without the need for conscious behavior change.…”

Section: The Impact Of Mandatory Energy Labelling On the Alcohol Indu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy labelling of alcoholic drinks: An important or inconsequential obesity policy?

Robinson

Boyland

Evans

et al. 2022

Obesity Science & Practice

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Alcohol is calorie dense, but unlike food products, alcoholic drinks tend to be exempt from nutritional labelling laws that require energy content information to be displayed on packaging or at point of purchase. This review provides a perspective on the likely efficacy of alcoholic drink energy labelling as a public health policy to reduce obesity and discusses key questions to be addressed by future research. First, the contribution that alcohol makes to population level daily energy intake and obesity is outlined. Next, consumer need for alcohol energy labelling and the potential impacts on both consumer and industry behavior are discussed. Pathways and mechanisms by which energy labelling of alcoholic drinks could reduce obesity are considered, as well as possible unintended consequences of alcoholic drink energy labelling. Would widespread energy labelling of alcoholic drinks reduce obesity? The unclear effect that alcohol has on population level obesity, the modest contribution calories from alcohol make to daily energy intake and limited impact nutritional labelling policies tend to have on behavior, suggest alcohol energy labelling may have limited impact on population obesity prevalence as a standalone policy. However, there are a number of questions that will need to be answered by future research to make definitive conclusions on the potential for alcohol energy labelling policies to reduce obesity.

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“…The characteristics of alcoholic drinks such as serving size (total volume in a single drink), packaging size (total volume in a full alcohol container), and strength (alcohol by volume [ABV]) affect how much people drink. People consume less alcohol if they drink from smaller serving sizes (Kersbergen et al, 2018; Stevely et al, 2021), smaller wine bottles (Codling et al, 2020), and lower strength products (Perman-Howe et al, 2021). Therefore, changing these product characteristics could improve public health.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of alcohol packaging size and strength on U.K. alcohol consumers’ classification of alcohol products as containing a single or multiple drinks.

Kersbergen¹,

Bretón²,

Field³

et al. 2023

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Objective: Reductions to the size and strength of alcohol products prompt reductions in alcohol consumption, although these effects may be limited to single drinks rather than packages that contain multiple drinks. This study investigated what product characteristics predict whether a product is seen as a single drink and seeks to identify the thresholds beyond which products are considered to contain multiple drinks. Method: Ninety-four U.K. drinkers from the prolific participant panel categorized 250 alcohol products with varying packaging sizes and strengths into single or multiple drinks. We used multilevel logistic regression to investigate whether packaging size, strength, total alcohol content, and container type predicted the likelihood that products were classified as a single drink across five drink types (beer, cider, ready-to-drink, spirits, wine). We used receiver operating characteristics curve analysis to identify the point at which products become too large or too strong to be considered a single drink by most drinkers. Results: Larger products, bottled drinks, products with higher alcohol by volume (ABV), and higher alcohol content were more likely to be classified as containing multiple drinks. We report thresholds for packaging size, ABV, and total alcohol content where products switch from being seen as a single drink to containing multiple drinks. The thresholds did not significantly differ between low-risk and increased risk drinkers. Conclusions: The reported thresholds can help researchers and policy makers encourage more accurate self-monitoring of alcohol consumption. Future research should test whether single drink classifications moderate the effect of packaging size and strength reductions on alcohol consumption.

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The effect of alcohol strength on alcohol consumption: findings from a randomised controlled cross-over pilot trial

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Non‐alcoholic beer in the European Union and UK: Availability and apparent consumption

Non‐alcoholic beer in the European Union and UK: Availability and apparent consumption

Energy labelling of alcoholic drinks: An important or inconsequential obesity policy?

The effect of alcohol packaging size and strength on U.K. alcohol consumers’ classification of alcohol products as containing a single or multiple drinks.

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