The Effect of Allylic Sulfide-Mediated IrreversibleAddition-Fragment Chain Transfer on the EmulsionPolymerization Kinetics of Styrene

An, Li; Di, Zhihui; Yu, Biaobiao; Pu, Jialing; Li, Zhongxiao

doi:10.3390/polym7101490

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As an alternative to utilizing thiol-ene polymerization to regulate radical network formation, addition-fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) reagents have garnered great interest for mediating radical polymerization and regulating polymer network structures, especially for methacrylate systems. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] In contrast to thiolbased chain transfer agents, AFCT reagents usually have high chain transfer reactivity 36,41,42 and low odor. 38 A typical AFCT agent (Fig.…”

Section: Afct Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances to decrease shrinkage stress and enhance mechanical properties in free radical polymerization: a review

Fang

Guymon

2021

Polymer International

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Free radical polymerizations have been widely used for a variety of applications, including coating, packaging, adhesives, inks and dental materials. However, shrinkage stress in network systems due to volumetric shrinkage during polymerization often results in poor mechanical performance of final materials, often limiting end use. Delaying gelation during polymerization while incorporating functional structure or functionalized groups into the polymer networks may lead to significantly reduced shrinkage stress and, consequently, enhanced thermomechanical properties. In this review, we summarize several practical methods, including thiol–ene radical polymerization, addition–fragmentation chain transfer, controlled radical polymerization, covalent adaptable networks, ring‐opening polymerization and cyclopolymerization, that have shown promise in reducing volumetric shrinkage and associated stress in network‐forming systems. The resulting enhanced (thermo)mechanical material properties of these modified polymers are also introduced. These methods have proven to be powerful tools for fabricating polymers with novel functionality and properties and thereby show potential to expand application of free radical thermoset materials. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.

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Section: Afct Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances to decrease shrinkage stress and enhance mechanical properties in free radical polymerization: a review

Fang

Guymon

2021

Polymer International

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“…Emulsion polymerization is a widely used process for the production of rubber, plastic, coating, and adhesives in industry [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Control over size and polydispersity in these applications is required because of the close relationship between the properties of the polymer and the particle size distribution [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiator Systems Effect on Particle Coagulation and Particle Size Distribution in One-Step Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene

et al. 2016

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Particle coagulation is a facile approach to produce large-scale polymer latex particles. This approach has been widely used in academic and industrial research owing to its higher polymerization rate and one-step polymerization process. Our work was motivated to control the extent (or time) of particle coagulation. Depending on reaction parameters, particle coagulation is also able to produce narrowly dispersed latex particles. In this study, a series of experiments were performed to investigate the role of the initiator system in determining particle coagulation and particle size distribution. Under the optimal initiation conditions, such as cationic initiator systems or higher reaction temperature, the time of particle coagulation would be advanced to particle nucleation period, leading to the narrowly dispersed polymer latex particles. By using a combination of the Smoluchowski equation and the electrostatic stability theory, the relationship between the particle size distribution and particle coagulation was established: the earlier the particle coagulation, the narrower the particle size distribution, while the larger the extent of particle coagulation, the larger the average particle size. Combined with the results of previous studies, a systematic method controlling the particle size distribution in the presence of particle coagulation was developed.

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“…The first report about the AFCT agent was presented in 1988, when Meijs et al [13] used α-benzyloxy-styrene as a chain transfer agent for the preparation of poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene with low molecular weights. Then, various new types of AFCT agents were reported in research papers [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and patents [22][23][24]. The common structure of the irreversible AFCT agent is shown in Scheme 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on MMA and BA Emulsion Copolymerization Using 2,4-Diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene as the Irreversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Agent

Zhang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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As a chain transfer agent, 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene (αMSD) was first introduced in the emulsion binary copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) based on an irreversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) mechanism. The effects of αMSD on molecular weight and its distribution, the degree of polymerization, polymerization rate, monomer conversion, particle size, and tensile properties of the formed latexes were systematically investigated. Its potential chain transfer mechanism was also explored according to the 1H NMR analysis. The results showed that the increase in the content of αMSD could lead to a decline in molecular weight, its distribution, and the degree of polymerization. The mass percentage of MMA in the synthesized polymers was also improved as the amounts of αMSD increased. The chain transfer coefficients of αMSD for MMA and BA were 0.62 and 0.47, respectively. The regulation mechanism of αMSD in the emulsion polymerization of acrylates was found to be consistent with Yasummasa’s theory. Additionally, monomer conversion decreased greatly to 47.3% when the concentration of αMSD was higher than 1 wt% due to the extremely low polymerization rate. Moreover, the polymerization rate was also decreased probably due to the desorption and lower reactivity of the regenerative radicals from αMSD. Finally, the tensile properties of the resulting polyacrylate films were significantly affected due to the presence of αMSD.

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The Effect of Allylic Sulfide-Mediated IrreversibleAddition-Fragment Chain Transfer on the EmulsionPolymerization Kinetics of Styrene

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Recent advances to decrease shrinkage stress and enhance mechanical properties in free radical polymerization: a review

Recent advances to decrease shrinkage stress and enhance mechanical properties in free radical polymerization: a review

Initiator Systems Effect on Particle Coagulation and Particle Size Distribution in One-Step Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene

Study on MMA and BA Emulsion Copolymerization Using 2,4-Diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene as the Irreversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Agent

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