The effect of almond intake on glycemic control: A systematic review and <scp>dose–response</scp> meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Asbaghi, Omid; Moodi, Vihan; Neisi, Azadeh; Shirinbakhshmasoleh, Mina; Abedi, Sajjad; Oskouie, Fatemeh Hosseini; Eslampour, Elham; Ghaedi, Ehsan; Miraghajani, Maryam

doi:10.1002/ptr.7328

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(317 reference statements)

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“…Tindall et al found in a large meta-analysis including subjects both with and without diabetes a significant reduction in HOMA-IR (a mean difference of −0.23 in 19 studies), but no significant overall effects on glucose or HbA1c (23). Concerning specific nuts, lack of effects on either fasting glucose, HbA1c or HOMA-IR have been found with walnuts and almonds in previous meta-analyses (150,151).…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Findingsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nuts and seeds consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and their risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Arnesen

Þórisdóttir

Bärebring

et al. 2023

Food & Nutrition Research

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Objectives: We aimed to systematically review studies and evaluate the strength of the evidence on nuts/seeds consumption and cardiometabolic diseases and their risk factors among adults. Methods: A protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021270554). We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus up to September 20, 2021 for prospective cohort studies and ≥12-week randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Main outcomes were cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and type 2 diabetes (T2D), secondary total-/low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, blood pressure and glycaemic markers. Data extraction and risk of bias (RoB) assessments (using RoB 2.0 and RoB-NObS) were performed in duplicate. Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses and expressed as relative risk (RR) or weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI); heterogeneity quantified as I2. One-stage dose-response analyses assessed the linear and non-linear associations with CVD, CHD, stroke and T2D. The strength of evidence was classified per the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Results: After screening 23,244 references, we included 42 papers from cohort studies (28 unique cohorts, 1,890,573 participants) and 18 RCTs (2,266 participants). In the cohorts, mainly populations with low consumption, high versus low total nuts/seeds consumption was inversely associated with total CVD (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.75, 0.86; I2 = 67%), CVD mortality (0.77; 0.72, 0.82; I2 = 59.3%), CHD (0.82; 0.76, 0.89; I2 = 64%), CHD mortality (0.75; 0.65, 0.87; I2 = 66.9%) and non-fatal CHD (0.85; 0.75, 0.96; I2 = 62.2%). According to the non-linear dose-response analyses, consumption of 30 g/day of total nuts/seeds was associated with RRs of similar magnitude. For stroke and T2D the summary RR for high versus low intake was 0.91 (95% CI 0.85, 0.97; I2 = 24.8%) and 0.95 (0.75, 1.21; I2 = 82.2%). Intake of nuts (median ~50 g/day) lowered total (−0.15 mmol/L; −0.22, −0.08; I2 = 31.2%) and LDL-cholesterol (−0.13 mmol/L; −0.21, −0.05; I2 = 68.6%), but not blood pressure. Findings on fasting glucose, HbA1c and insulin resistance were conflicting. The results were robust to sensitivity and subgroup analyses. We rated the associations between nuts/seeds and both CVD and CHD as probable. There was limited but suggestive evidence for no association with stroke. No conclusion could be made for T2D. Conclusion: There is a probable relationship between consumption of nuts/seeds and lower risk of CVD, mostly driven by CHD, possibly in part through effects on blood lipids. More research on stroke and T2D may affect the conclusions. The evidence of specific nuts should be further investigated.

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Section: Comparison With Previous Findingsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nuts and seeds consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and their risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Arnesen

Þórisdóttir

Bärebring

et al. 2023

Food & Nutrition Research

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“…Several other SRMAs of RCTs have been conducted between 2020 and 2022, assessing the effect of a specific nut type and/or the effect of nuts in a specific group of people. These SRMAs assessed the effect of different types of nuts in healthy adults with overweight/obesity (10 RCTs) [ 45 ], walnuts in middle-aged and older adults (17 RCTs) [ 46 ] and individuals with different health statuses (16 RCTs) [ 47 ], cashews (6 RCTs) [ 48 ], peanuts (11 RCTs) [ 49 ], and 2 SRMAs investigating almonds in individuals with different health statuses (24 RCTs [ 50 ], 15 RCTs [ 51 ]), all of which showed no impact on markers of glycemic status.…”

Section: Effect Of Nut Consumption On Measures Of Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuts in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Nishi

Viguiliouk²,

Kendall

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Diabetes is a continuously growing global concern affecting >10% of adults, which may be mitigated by modifiable lifestyle factors. Consumption of nuts and their inclusion in dietary patterns has been associated with a range of beneficial health outcomes. Diabetes guidelines recommend dietary patterns that incorporate nuts; however, specific recommendations related to nuts have been limited. This review considers the epidemiological and clinical evidence to date for the role of nut consumption as a dietary strategy for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related complications. Findings suggest nut consumption may have a potential role in the prevention and management of T2D, with mechanistic studies assessing nuts and individual nut-related nutritional constituents supporting this possibility. However, limited definitive evidence is available to date, and future studies are needed to elucidate better the impact of nuts on the prevention and management of T2D.

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Comparing the Effects of Consuming Almonds or Biscuits on Body Weight in Habitual Snackers: A 1-Year Randomized Controlled Trial

Brown

Ware

Gray

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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The effect of almond intake on glycemic control: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 6 publications

References 90 publications

Nuts and seeds consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and their risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nuts and seeds consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and their risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nuts in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Comparing the Effects of Consuming Almonds or Biscuits on Body Weight in Habitual Snackers: A 1-Year Randomized Controlled Trial

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