The effect of almonds on inflammation and oxidative stress in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized crossover controlled feeding trial

Liu, Jen‐Fang; Liu, Yen-Hua; Chen, Chiao‐Ming; Chang, Wen-Hsin; Chen, C‐Y. Oliver

doi:10.1007/s00394-012-0400-y

Cited by 80 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Jiang et al [39] noted in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis that inflammatory biomarkers were inversely associated with an increased frequency of nut and seed consumption. Consistent with this observational data, we previously found that almonds decreased IL-6 and CRP, and TNF-α in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes but did not affect ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 [40]. Rajaram et al [41] also reported that almond intake diminished CRP in free-living healthy adults although no dose–response relationship was noted.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Effect of almond consumption on vascular function in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized, controlled, cross-over trial

Chen

Holbrook

Duess

et al. 2015

Nutr J

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ObjectiveAlmonds reduce cardiovascular disease risk via cholesterol reduction, anti-inflammation, glucoregulation, and antioxidation. The objective of this randomized, controlled, cross-over trial was to determine whether the addition of 85 g almonds daily to a National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step 1 diet (ALM) for 6 weeks would improve vascular function and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Research design and methodsA randomized, controlled, crossover trial was conducted in Boston, MA to test whether as compared to a control NCEP Step 1 diet absent nuts (CON), incorporation of almonds (85 g/day) into the CON diet (ALM) would improve vascular function and inflammation. The study duration was 22 weeks including a 6-weeks run-in period, two 6-weeks intervention phases, and a 4-weeks washout period between the intervention phases. A total of 45 CAD patients (27 F/18 M, 45–77 y, BMI = 20-41 kg/m2) completed the study. Drug therapies used by patients were stable throughout the duration of the trial.ResultsThe addition of almonds to the CON diet increased plasma α-tocopherol status by a mean of 5.8 %, reflecting patient compliance (P ≤0.05). However, the ALM diet did not alter vascular function assessed by measures of flow-mediated dilation, peripheral arterial tonometry, and pulse wave velocity. Further, the ALM diet did not significantly modify the serum lipid profile, blood pressure, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α or E-selectin. The ALM diet tended to decrease vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by 5.3 % (P = 0.064) and increase urinary nitric oxide by 17.5 % (P = 0.112). The ALM intervention improved the overall quality of the diet by increasing calcium, magnesium, choline, and fiber intakes above the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).ConclusionsThus, the addition of almonds to a NECP Step 1 diet did not significantly impact vascular function, lipid profile or systematic inflammation in CAD patients receiving good medical care and polypharmacy therapies but did improve diet quality without any untoward effect.Trial registrationThe trial was registered with the ClinicalTrials.Gov with the identifier: NCT00782015.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Effect of almond consumption on vascular function in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized, controlled, cross-over trial

Chen

Holbrook

Duess

et al. 2015

Nutr J

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“…Interestingly, in a sample of adults with pre-diabetes, pistachio consumption for 4 months did not affect circulating measures of inflammation but did reduce lymphocyte gene expression of interleukin-6 [27], suggesting that pistachios may have a nominal effect on inflammation that was not detected in previous work. We found no effect on any markers of inflammation in the present study; however, we did not assess interleukin-6, which has been reduced by pistachios in the above-mentioned study [37], and also by almonds in another study of type 2 diabetes [17]. The variability among studies in participant demographics, type of nut(s) consumed, and markers of inflammation evaluated makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the role of nuts in inflammation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…A few trials reported beneficial effects on the lipid/lipoprotein profile [11–15], and a recent meta-analysis concluded that daily nut consumption reduces fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) [16]. Two studies that assessed inflammatory markers following nut interventions reported mixed results [17, 18], and one study reported a significant improvement in endothelial function following 8 weeks of walnut consumption [14]. However, most trials (regardless of the population) have studied mixed nuts or walnuts, and the health benefits of other nuts, such as pistachios, are less clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pistachios on the lipid/lipoprotein profile, glycemic control, inflammation, and endothelial function in type 2 diabetes: A randomized trial

et al. 2015

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Objective The health benefits of regular nut consumption have been well-documented; however, effects on cardiovascular risk in diabetes are emerging. This study examined the effects of daily pistachio consumption on the lipid/lipoprotein profile, glycemic control, markers of inflammation, and endothelial function in adults with type 2 diabetes. Materials/Methods We enrolled 30 adults (40–74 years) with well-controlled type 2 diabetes (mean glycated hemoglobin 6.2%) in a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study. After a 2-week run-in period, participants consumed nutritionally-adequate diets with pistachios (contributing 20% of total energy) or without pistachios for 4 weeks each, separated by a 2-week washout. We assessed fasting lipids/lipoproteins, glycemic measures (while fasted and during a 75g oral glucose tolerance test), inflammatory markers, and endothelial function after each diet period. Results Total cholesterol and the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol were significantly lower (p<0.05) following the pistachio diet (4.00 mmol/L and 4.06, respectively) compared to the control diet (4.15 mmol/L and 4.37, respectively). Triglycerides were significantly lower (p=0.003) following the pistachio diet (1.56 mmol/L) compared to the control diet (1.84 mmol/L). There were no treatment differences in fasting glucose and insulin, but fructosamine was significantly lower (p=0.03) following the pistachio diet (228.5 μmol/l) compared to the control diet (233.5 μmol/l). Inflammatory markers and endothelial function were unchanged. Conclusion Daily pistachio consumption can improve some cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with well-controlled type 2 diabetes. Our findings support recommendations that individuals with diabetes follow healthy dietary patterns that include nuts.

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“…In addition, it is possible that a high intake of nuts may reduce the severity of disease and progression to death as indicated by studies which found that patients with diabetes, coronary heart disease, and heart failure who consumed more nuts had a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease or all-cause mortality [81–83]. Although we observed similar associations for both incidence and mortality from coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease, epidemiological studies on nut consumption and type 2 diabetes incidence have largely shown no association [29], while in the present meta-analysis we found a reduced risk of diabetes mortality, which might be due to reduced risk of cardio-metabolic risk factors and complications in diabetes patients with a high nut intake [83–85]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Aune

Keum

Giovannucci

et al. 2016

BMC Med

345

277

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BackgroundAlthough nut consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, data on less common causes of death has not been systematically assessed. Previous reviews missed several studies and additional studies have since been published. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.MethodsPubMed and Embase were searched for prospective studies of nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adult populations published up to July 19, 2016. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. The burden of mortality attributable to low nut consumption was calculated for selected regions.ResultsTwenty studies (29 publications) were included in the meta-analysis. The summary RRs per 28 grams/day increase in nut intake was for coronary heart disease, 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63–0.80, I2 = 47%, n = 11), stroke, 0.93 (95% CI: 0.83–1.05, I2 = 14%, n = 11), cardiovascular disease, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70–0.88, I2 = 60%, n = 12), total cancer, 0.85 (95% CI: 0.76–0.94, I2 = 42%, n = 8), all-cause mortality, 0.78 (95% CI: 0.72–0.84, I2 = 66%, n = 15), and for mortality from respiratory disease, 0.48 (95% CI: 0.26–0.89, I2 = 61%, n = 3), diabetes, 0.61 (95% CI: 0.43–0.88, I2 = 0%, n = 4), neurodegenerative disease, 0.65 (95% CI: 0.40–1.08, I2 = 5.9%, n = 3), infectious disease, 0.25 (95% CI: 0.07–0.85, I2 = 54%, n = 2), and kidney disease, 0.27 (95% CI: 0.04–1.91, I2 = 61%, n = 2). The results were similar for tree nuts and peanuts. If the associations are causal, an estimated 4.4 million premature deaths in the America, Europe, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific would be attributable to a nut intake below 20 grams per day in 2013.ConclusionsHigher nut intake is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality, and mortality from respiratory disease, diabetes, and infections.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0730-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The effect of almonds on inflammation and oxidative stress in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized crossover controlled feeding trial

Abstract: Our results suggested that incorporation of almonds into a healthy diet could ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with T2DM.

Cited by 80 publications

References 45 publications

Effect of almond consumption on vascular function in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized, controlled, cross-over trial

Effect of almond consumption on vascular function in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized, controlled, cross-over trial

Effects of pistachios on the lipid/lipoprotein profile, glycemic control, inflammation, and endothelial function in type 2 diabetes: A randomized trial

Nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

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