The effect of aluminium and of aluminium containing 5 per cent. of quartz in the lungs of rats

King, E. J.; Harrison, C. V.; Mohanty, G. P.; Yoganathan, M.

doi:10.1002/path.1700750222

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Under light ether anaesthesia they were injected by the intratracheal route (King, Harrison, Mohanty, and Yoganathan, 1958) with 0 5 ml. of undiluted Thorotrast (Testagar, Detroit), a 25% stabilized colloidal solution of thorium dioxide, or with 0 4 ml.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phagocytic potential of pulmonary alveolar epithelium with particular reference to surfactant metabolism

Corrin

1970

Thorax

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Finely divided thorium and carbon were injected into the rat lung via the trachea and their uptake was studied electron microscopically. Small amounts of thorium were found in the lamellar vacuoles of the granular pneumocytes. Their presence was maximal at 24 hours and they later disappeared from these cells. This phenomenon is thought to represent a passive inflow as the vacuoles open on to the alveolar surface to discharge their content of surfactant, rather than evidence that the granular pneumocyte is concerned in surfactant disposal. An explanation reconciling the secretory nature of the vacuoles with their previously demonstrated content of lys,osomal enzymes is advanced. Small quantities of thorium dioxide were ingested by the squamous pneumocytes and a little transferred to interstitial macrophages, but this is a minor route of disposal, the bulk of the material being ingested by alveolar macrophages. The limited phagocytic potential of the alveolar epithelium contrasts with that of the alveolar macrophages and is not taken to support the concept of an epithelial derivation of alveolar macrophages.Whilst pulmonary macrophages are avidly phagocytic, the alveolar epithelial cells are generally held not to show such properties. The squamous epithelial cells (type I pneumocytes) form part of the thin air/b!ood barrier whilst the granular (type II) pneumocytes are thought to produce a surface-active phospholipid essential for the stability of the lung. The type II pneumocytes possess large osmiophilic inclusions, the presence of which correlates well with that of surfactant

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phagocytic potential of pulmonary alveolar epithelium with particular reference to surfactant metabolism

Corrin

1970

Thorax

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“…They claimed to have shown conclusively that their method of administering aluminium powder was entirely harmless. On the other hand King, Harrison, Mohanty, and Yoganathan (1958) showed that large doses of powdered metallic aluminium injected intratracheally caused a nodular pulmonary fibrosis in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Fibrosis in Workers Exposed to Finely Powdered Aluminium

Mitchell

Manning

Molyneux

et al. 1961

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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“…This may well explain why King, Harrison, Mohanty, and Yoganathan (1958) found no evidence of antidotal activity by aluminium to quartz, whereas other workers (Denny, Robson, andIrwin, 1937, 1939;Gardner, Dworski, and Delahant, 1944;King, Wright, Ray, and Harrison, 1950) found that the addition of different amounts of aluminium and aluminium hydroxide retarded the silicotic lesion. It follows that an estimate of the quartz content of any industrial airborne dust does not measure its possible activity in tissue and that a biological method, such as described in this paper, provides a more valid measure.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Fibrogenicity of Some Respirable Dusts Measured in Mice

Rivers

Morris

Wise

1963

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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A method of bio-assay of the fibrogenicity of respirable dust is described. Quartz, coal, and quartz-coal dust mixtures were administered to mice via the tail vein, and liver collagen was estimated chemically. Groups of mice that had received doses of 10, 15, and 20 mg. of these dusts were killed at intervals of 10, 20, and 30 weeks after injection.There was, in general, a linear relation between liver dust and collagen content, and a higher liver collagen the greater the quartz content of injected dust. At 30 weeks after injection there was good differentiation of the collagen response of liver to dust mixtures of different quartz content. These provide standard curves with which liver collagen response to any unknown dust can be compared. The fibrogenicity of two samples of respirable gold-mine dust was less than would be expected from the quartz content. Dust extracted from a region of massive fibrosis in a coal-miner's lung was more fibrogenic than dust from a lung with simple pneumoconiosis.It is well known that inhaled dust encountered in industry causes a variable degree of fibrosis of the lungs. Although the quartz content of the dust is important in producing this fibrosis, a simple estimate of the quartz content of the respirable fraction may not always relate well to the apparent fibrogenicity of the dust. There is, therefore, a need for a simple method to assay the fibrogenic effect of a dust of unknown composition. The methods of introducing dust into the lungs of experimental animals by intratracheal injection or by inhalation have the advantage of testing the effects of the dust on the organ affected in man, but have the disadvantage that it is difficult to be sure of the precise dose administered.The review by Worth and Schiller (1954) shows the great variety of both animals and routes of administration of dust, which have been used in experimental pneumoconiosis. Zaidi, King, Harrison, and Nagelschmidt (1956) showed that dust injected into the tail vein of a mouse goes mostly to the liver. Other routes have in general given less predictable deposition in one organ (Grandjean, Turrian, and Nicod, 1956;Glomme, 1958;Ferin and Ulehlova, 1958).Our aim was to develop the tail vein technique in the mouse to a stage where the dose of dust injected corresponded, within narrow limits, to the amount deposited in the liver. The response to the dust could then be measured accurately by chemical analysis of the liver collagen. We have not been completely successful in achieving this aim but our results for liver collagen response to amount of dust deposited in the liver do provide a measure of the fibrogenicity of the dust as well as a basis for the future development of the technique as a routine method.Technique Preparation of Suspensions.-Quartz (Brazilian pebble) and coal (Welsh steam) were chosen for the main experiments. Samples of these dusts of respirable size (> 7t) were obtained by using the Hexhlet size separating dust sampler (Wright, 1954). The dust was weighed in a screw-top bottle (20 ml. 13 *Pr...

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The effect of aluminium and of aluminium containing 5 per cent. of quartz in the lungs of rats

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Phagocytic potential of pulmonary alveolar epithelium with particular reference to surfactant metabolism

Phagocytic potential of pulmonary alveolar epithelium with particular reference to surfactant metabolism

Pulmonary Fibrosis in Workers Exposed to Finely Powdered Aluminium

The Fibrogenicity of Some Respirable Dusts Measured in Mice

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