The effect of ambient air plasma generated by coplanar and volume dielectric barrier discharge on the surface characteristics of polyamide foils

Štěpánová, Vlasta; Šrámková, Petra; Sihelník, Slavomír; Stupavská, Monika; Jurmanová, Jana; Kováčik, Dušan

doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2020.109887

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The latter polyamide is the paramount class of engineering thermoplastic polymers and shows the most impressive material characteristics compared to other polymers used in the industry [ 3 ]. These materials have been extensively investigated for decades in several industrial fields, including the automotive, textile, packaging, electric and electronics, sports and oil and gas industries, due to their unique combinations of properties, such as excellent durability [ 4 ] and mechanical strength [ 5 ], high-temperature and chemical resistance [ 6 ], ease of processing and high melting point [ 7 ]. Especially in recent years, the demand for PA products has increased significantly to replace specific metal structures in the fields of power tools, automotive and power train systems [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Characterization of Hot-Pressed Polyamide 11 and 12: Mechanical, Thermal and Durability Properties

2021

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Chemically speaking, polyamide 11 (PA11) and polyamide 12 (PA12) have a similar backbone, differing only in one carbon. From an origin point of view, PA11 is considered a bioplastic polyamide composed from renewable resources, compared to oil-based PA12. Each of them has a number of advantages over the other, which makes their selection a challenging issue. Depending on the target application, diverse assessments and comparisons are needed to fulfill this mission. The current study addresses this research gap to characterize and compare PA11 and PA12 manufactured by the hot press technique in terms of their mechanical, thermal and durability properties for the first time, demonstrating their potential for future works as matrices in composite materials. In this regard, different characterization techniques are applied to the hot-pressed polymer sheets, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical performance of the PA11 and PA12 sheets is compared based on tensile tests and shore hardness measurement. The durability behavior of these two polyamides is evaluated in water and relative humidity conditions at different aging times. The experimental results show the ductile behavior of PA12 with respect to the quasi-brittle PA11. Both have a relatively small water and moisture gain: 1.5 wt% and 0.8 wt%, respectively. The higher crystallinity of PA12 (2.1 times more than PA11) with γ-phase is one of the leading parameters to achieve better mechanical and durability properties. The FTIR spectra displayed slight acid hydrolysis. Accordingly, absorbed water or moisture does not cause plasticization; thus, neither hardness nor dimension changes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Characterization of Hot-Pressed Polyamide 11 and 12: Mechanical, Thermal and Durability Properties

2021

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“…A schematic description of both electrode systems is depicted in Figure 1 . Detailed technical specifications of both plasma sources were discussed elsewhere [ 7 ]. Regarding DCSBD, the sample was attached to the roller at a distance of 0.3 mm from the electrode system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evaluation of measured peel force was in a range from 20 mm to 70 mm, whereas measurement values for the initial length of 20 mm were discarded. The average peel force was calculated from 3 to 5 tests of samples treated in the same conditions [ 7 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) of various geometries are often used as the atmospheric-pressure nonequilibrium plasma sources for inline industrial applications. Volume DBD (VDBD), so-called “industrial corona”, and diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) with a concavely curved electrode system suitable for roll-to-roll arrangement are often used for flexible large-area material treatment such as foils [ 7 ], paper, [ 8 ] and nonwoven textiles [ 9 ]. The treatment by atmospheric-pressure air DBD introduces polar functional groups providing hydrophilicity and an increase of surface free energy of the polymer surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high power density of such plasma ensured the improved wettability in the case of polyesters such as PEN [ 10 ], PET [ 11 ], PLA [ 12 ], or polycarbonate [ 13 ], as well as PMMA [ 14 ], even after 1 s of treatment. Moreover, our recent study considering the surface changes of PA 6 after DCSBD plasma treatment demonstrated the high potential of this technology to be part of industrial systems due to its very fast surface activation (0.25 s) and long-term preservation of the achieved properties [ 7 ]. The largest group of produced polymers worldwide represented by polyolefins were subjected to DCSBD plasma treatment in several studies [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Surface Characteristics of BOPP Foil after Treatment by Ambient Air Plasma Generated by Coplanar and Volume Dielectric Barrier Discharge

et al. 2021

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Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) is a highly transparent polymer defined by excellent mechanical and barrier properties applicable in the food packaging industry. However, its low surface free energy restricts its use in many industrial processes and needs to be improved. The presented study modifies a BOPP surface using two different atmospheric-pressure plasma sources operating in ambient air and capable of inline processing. The volume dielectric barrier discharge (VDBD) and diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) were applied to improve the wettability and adhesion of the 1–10 s treated surface. The changes in morphology and surface chemistry were analyzed by SEM, AFM, WCA/SFE, and XPS, and adhesion was evaluated by a peel force test. Comparing both plasma sources revealed their similar effect on surface wettability and incorporation of polar functional groups. Additionally, higher surface roughness in the case of VDBD treatment contributed to slightly more efficient adhesion in comparison to DCSBD. Although we achieved comparable results for both plasma sources in the term of enhanced surface wettability, degree of oxidation, and stability of induced changes, DCSBD had less effect on the surface deterioration than VDBD, where surface structuring caused an undesirable haze.

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Modification process of selected thermoplastics with cold plasma and evaluation of changes in their properties

Janík¹,

Kohutiar

Skalková³

et al. 2023

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Targeted surface modification of materials is becoming a commonly used process in the production and research environment. This process alters the functional properties of the polymer surface and, under laboratory and manufacturing conditions, can ideally be initiated by a diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge plasma, also called a cold plasma. The efficiency of the surface modification process by this type of discharge is given mainly by the speed of the plasma‐chemical modification process. An interesting area of research in this area is the characterization of changes in the above plasma chemical modification. The nature of the changes can be observed ideally on the flat surfaces of selected materials, since the height of the visually homogeneous plasma layer is approximately 0.3 mm. During the process of plasma chemical modification, the investigated surface of the polymeric material is also exposed to temperature, electric micro‐discharges, heat flow and ultraviolet radiation. All these elements affect changes that need to be investigated and described. The effect of temperature and micro‐discharges during the cold plasma treatment can be evaluated from thermograms. Visually homogenous plasma respectively heat flow from its generation is first time monitored with Schlieren Imaging system. The effect of degradation (due to ultraviolet radiation) of polymers is monitored with static tensile test.

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The effect of ambient air plasma generated by coplanar and volume dielectric barrier discharge on the surface characteristics of polyamide foils

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Comparative Characterization of Hot-Pressed Polyamide 11 and 12: Mechanical, Thermal and Durability Properties

Comparative Characterization of Hot-Pressed Polyamide 11 and 12: Mechanical, Thermal and Durability Properties

Changes in Surface Characteristics of BOPP Foil after Treatment by Ambient Air Plasma Generated by Coplanar and Volume Dielectric Barrier Discharge

Modification process of selected thermoplastics with cold plasma and evaluation of changes in their properties

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