The Effect of Ambient Temperature, Humidity, and Engine Speed on Idling Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks

Pekula, N.; Kuritz, B.; Hearne, J.; Marchese, Anthony J.; Hesketh, Robert P.

doi:10.4271/2003-01-0290

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Therefore, it is evident that the development of a more efficient truck A/C system would reduce real world summer idle emissions inventory substantially. Pekula et al 9 observed the effect of elevated speed on idle NO x and CO 2 emissions and found that NO x increased by ϳ86% and CO 2 increased by ϳ132% when the engine speed was elevated from 600 to 1200 rpm. Addition of A/C at 1100 rpm increased emissions of CO 2 , NO x , and PM and fuel consumption by 22%, 17%, 16%, and 22%, respectively.…”

Section: Effect Of A/c and Engine Speed On Idlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This conclusion is reasonable, because one might expect that an increase in temperature would cause a more complete combustion of diesel droplets and less condensation of exhaust PM. Pekula et al 9 used the same data to observe the effects of ambient temperature, humidity, and engine speed on idling emissions. The study found that emissions rates were a function of both inlet temperature and engine load.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Idle Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles: Review and Recent Data

Khan

Clark

Thompson

et al. 2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Heavy-duty diesel vehicle idling consumes fuel and reduces atmospheric quality, but its restriction cannot simply be proscribed, because cab heat or air-conditioning provides essential driver comfort. A comprehensive tailpipe emissions database to describe idling impacts is not yet available. This paper presents a substantial data set that incorporates results from the West Virginia University transient engine test cell, the E-55/59 Study and the Gasoline/Diesel PM Split Study. It covered 75 heavy-duty diesel engines and trucks, which were divided into two groups: vehicles with mechanical fuel injection (MFI) and vehicles with electronic fuel injection (EFI). Idle emissions of CO, hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) have been reported. Idle CO 2 emissions allowed the projection of fuel consumption during idling. Test-to-test variations were observed for repeat idle tests on the same vehicle because of measurement variation, accessory loads, and ambient conditions. Vehicles fitted with EFI, on average, emitted ϳ20 g/hr of CO, 6 g/hr of HC, 86 g/hr of NO x , 1 g/hr of PM, and 4636 g/hr of CO 2 during idle. MFI equipped vehicles emitted ϳ35 g/hr of CO, 23 g/hr of HC, 48 g/hr of NO x , 4 g/hr of PM, and 4484 g/hr of CO 2 , on average, during idle. Vehicles with EFI emitted less idle CO, HC, and PM, which could be attributed to the efficient combustion and superior fuel atomization in EFI systems. Idle NO x , however, increased with EFI, which corresponds with the advancing of timing to improve idle combustion. Fuel injection management did not have any effect on CO 2 and, hence, fuel consumption. Use of air conditioning without increasing engine speed increased idle CO 2 , NO x , PM, HC, and fuel consumption by 25% on average. When the engine speed was elevated from 600 to 1100 revolutions per minute, CO 2 and NO x emissions and fuel consumption increased by Ͼ150%, whereas PM and HC emissions increased by ϳ100% and 70%, respectively. Six Detroit Diesel Corp. (DDC) Series 60 engines in engine test cell were found to emit less CO, NO x , and PM emissions and consumed fuel at only 75% of the level found in the chassis dynamometer data. This is because fan and compressor loads were absent in the engine test cell.

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Section: Effect Of A/c and Engine Speed On Idlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idle Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles: Review and Recent Data

Khan

Clark

Thompson

et al. 2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Idle (including low idle) is an important mode in engine calibration for emissions, fuel economy, noise and vibration. The research on low idle performance was conducted by Khan et al (2006), Pekula et al (2003). Toback et al (2004), MacMillan et al (2009), Ghaffarpour et al (1995, 2006, and Ghaffarpour and Noorpoor (2007).…”

Section: Engine Emissions Behavior and Steady-state Calibration Optimmentioning

confidence: 98%

Combustion, emissions, and calibration for diesel engine system design

Xin¹

2013

Diesel Engine System Design

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“…Since idling engine speed is relatively low, and only a small amount of fuel is added in order to maintain engine crankshaft revolution, combustion efficiency drops significantly. This results in higher hydrocarbon emissions and partial combustion products that are hazardous to the environment and the health of the user [30]. In developing representative test cycles for off-road engines, Graham et al assigned a weighting factor of 15% to account for idling in a weed trimmer activity profile [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Use in Two Off-Road Diesel Engines

Guo

Peltier

Carter

et al. 2012

ISRN Renewable Energy

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This study examines the composition and combustion performance of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil. Six fuel batches produced from waste oil used in dining-hall fryers were examined to determine their physical and chemical properties, including their elemental and fatty acid methyl ester composition. Oleic and linoleic methyl esters accounted for more than 70% of the fuel composition, while the oxygen content averaged 10.2% by weight. Exhaust emissions were monitored for 5-100% biodiesel blends using two off-road engines: a 2007 Yanmar diesel generator and a 1993 John Deere front mower. Increasing biodiesel content resulted in reduced emissions of partial combustion products from the diesel generator but a rise in NO x , with the greatest changes occurring between 5 and 20% biodiesel content. For the riding mower, biodiesel content up to 50% had little effect on emissions, while NO x and total hydrocarbon emissions decreased with 100% biodiesel. The difference in NO x emissions is attributed to the two different fuel injection control designs used in the two engines. These results indicate that the effects of biodiesel use on nonroad engine exhaust emissions may be substantially lower in older engines optimized for performance over emissions control.

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The Effect of Ambient Temperature, Humidity, and Engine Speed on Idling Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

Idle Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles: Review and Recent Data

Idle Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles: Review and Recent Data

Combustion, emissions, and calibration for diesel engine system design

Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Use in Two Off-Road Diesel Engines

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