The effect of ammonium polyphosphate on the mechanism of phosphorous-containing hydrotalcite synergism of flame retardation of polypropylene

Xu, Sheng; Zhang, Min; Li, Siyu; Zeng, Hong‐Yan; Du, Jinze; Chen, Chao-Rong; Wu, Kun; Tian, Xian-Yao; Pan, Yong

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2019.105348

Cited by 33 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…According to the TGA curves, APP exhibits two main degradation steps with about 7.3 wt% residue left at 800°C. Referring to its DTG curve, the first‐step occurred in 250°C ~ 400°C, resulting from the decomposition of thermally unstable groups such as the terminal chain groups [‐OP(O) (ONH 4 ) 2 ] and mid‐chain groups [‐OP(O) (ONH 4 )‐], and the elimination of NH 3 and H 2 O during the thermal decomposition of polyphosphate 25,26 . While the second step was initiated by the release of phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid and metaphosphoric acid above 500°C 27 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification on ammonium polyphosphate and its enhanced flame retardancy in thermoplastic polyurethane

Zhang

Wang

Sun

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is an effective flame retardant in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). In order to further enhance the flame retardant efficiency of APP, it was coated with graphene oxide (GO) and melamine formaldehyde (MF) successively, by using 5 wt% end product of MF‐GO@APP in TPU, the sample produced little dripping during burning and reached UL‐94V‐0 grade, peak smoke production rate was reduced from 0.132 m2/s in TPU to 0.051 m2/s, that was 61.4% decrease. Neat TPU burned out with little residue left, but by the help of 5 wt% MF‐GO@APP, 24.4 wt% of char was left. These results were tried to be analyzed as relative higher heat conductivity of GO, in heating GO transferred more heat to APP and MF, resulting in earlier degradation of APP and MF, the decomposed product of MF and APP cross‐linked together to form more compact char above substrate. MF‐GO@APP acted as an integrated intumescent flame retardant.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification on ammonium polyphosphate and its enhanced flame retardancy in thermoplastic polyurethane

Zhang

Wang

Sun

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…006), (009), and (110) planes of LDH, respectively. Meanwhile, the interlayer spacing of Ni-Al LDH was derived to be 0.78 nm according to Bragg's Equation (1). It demonstrated that Ni-Al LDH was carbonate LDH and exhibited the lamellar structure with high crystallinity.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PP (Polypropylene) is one of the most common thermoplastics and extensively used in electronic appliances, automobile manufacturing, and fiber textile fields due to its outstanding mechanical performance, chemical resistance, and easy-processing. [1][2][3][4] Despite its above-mentioned advantages, PP is extremely flammable due to its own structural composition and produces dense smoke and toxic gases during burning process, which poses a serious threat to human life, health and property safety, and greatly limits its wide application in the people's livelihood field. [5,6] In consequence, in order to decrease the fire hazard of PP materials, it is urgent to improve their flameretardant and smoke-suppression properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel‐Aluminum Hydrotalcite for Improving Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene: Preparation, Synergy, and Mechanism Study

Jiang

Liu

Yang

et al. 2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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Intumescent flame retardants (IFR) are widely used in the field of flame retardant polypropylene (PP), but their flame retardant efficiency and smoke suppression properties need to be further improved. Herein, a Ni-Al LDH (layered double hydroxide) is obtained successfully by coprecipitation and microwave hydrothermal technique and used as a synergist to improve the flame-retardant and smoke-suppression properties of triazine-based IFR. The results showed that IFR/Ni-Al LDH exhibited the best synergistic effect when the IFR is replaced by 5 wt% Ni-Al LDH. 17 wt% IFR/Ni-Al LDH enabled the PP composites to achieve UL-94 V-0 rating with a high LOI of 29.8%. Besides, the introduction of Ni-Al LDH effectively decreased the heat and smoke release of the PP/IFR composites due to its catalytic charring effect. This is mainly attributed that the introduction of metal ions in Ni-Al LDH effectively improved the strength and crosslinking degree of char layer and promoted the formation of a cohesive and dense char layer. The formed high-quality char layer effectively exerted the barrier effect in condensed phase. Therefore, the PP/IFR/Ni-Al LDH composites exhibited excellent flame-retardant and smoke-suppression performance. This investigation provided a facile way to prepare environment-friendly and high-performance flame retardant PP composites with wide application prospects.

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“…LDH have been used as flame retardants in PP [ 24 , 25 , 26 ] and EVA [ 27 , 28 ], but little efforts in PA11 have been reported. Some studies have documented that low-content LDHs (≤5%) can improve the mechanical performance of PA6 [ 29 ], PA66 [ 30 ], and PA11 [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Flammability, Crystal Behaviors and Mechanical Performance of Polyamide 11 Composites by Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxides

Peng

Yang

Tang

2022

IJMS

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Sulfamic acid-intercalated MgAl-LDH (SA-LDH) was prepared by an anion exchange method, and its structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SA-LDH was introduced into polyamide 11 (PA11) by melt blending and to enhance the flame retardancy and mechanical properties. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and XRD data showed that the lamellar structure of SA-LDH was partly disrupted. The cone calorimeter (CCT) results demonstrated that SA-LDH could effectively decrease the value of heat release rate, which may be ascribed to the better distribution of SA-LDH compared to LHD in the PA11 matrix. The effects of SA-LDH on the crystal behaviors of PA11 were investigated by XRD and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), indicating that SA-LDH could induce the formation of new crystal forms and served as a heterogeneous nucleating agent. The mechanical progress caused by the incorporation of SA-LDH was correlated with compatibility improvement between SA-LDH and PA11.

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The effect of ammonium polyphosphate on the mechanism of phosphorous-containing hydrotalcite synergism of flame retardation of polypropylene

Cited by 33 publications

References 33 publications

Surface modification on ammonium polyphosphate and its enhanced flame retardancy in thermoplastic polyurethane

Surface modification on ammonium polyphosphate and its enhanced flame retardancy in thermoplastic polyurethane

Nickel‐Aluminum Hydrotalcite for Improving Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene: Preparation, Synergy, and Mechanism Study

Study on the Flammability, Crystal Behaviors and Mechanical Performance of Polyamide 11 Composites by Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxides

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