The effect of an adaptation to hypoxia on cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion

Abstract

The acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and sudden cardiac death (SCD), both associated with acute cardiac ischemia, are one of the leading causes of adult death in economically developed countries. The development of new approaches for the treatment and prevention of AMI and SCD remains the highest priority for medicine. A study on the cardiovascular effects of chronic hypoxia (CH) may contribute to the development of these methods. Chronic hypoxia exerts both positive and adverse effects. The positive effects are the infarct-reducing, vasoprotective, and antiarrhythmic effects, which can lead to the improvement of cardiac contractility in reperfusion. The adverse effects are pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. This review presents a comprehensive overview of how CH enhances cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion. It is an in-depth analysis of the published data on the underlying mechanisms, which can lead to future development of the cardioprotective effect of CH. A better understanding of the CH-activated protective signaling pathways may contribute to new therapeutic approaches in an increase of cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion.

Peptides Are Cardioprotective Drugs of the Future: The Receptor and Signaling Mechanisms of the Cardioprotective Effect of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists

“…It has been found that remote postconditioning, adaptation to hypoxia, and cold increased cardiac tolerance to I/R [86,141,149]. The question of whether GLP-1 and the GLP1R are involved in the cardioprotective effect of remote postconditioning and adaptation to hypoxia and cold remains to be studied.…”

Cardioprotective Effect of Epiisopiloturine, an Imidazole Alkaloid from <em>Pilocarpus microphyllus</em>, in Rats Submitted to Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion

“…Among these illnesses, coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in particular are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally [1,2,3]. One of the potentially fatal coronary-related illnesses closely linked to sudden cardiac death, which affects around three million individuals worldwide each year [4,5], is AMI. The main cause of irreversible myocardial damage in AMI is oxygen deprivation in cardiac cells, which can impair diastolic and systolic function and put the patient at risk for severe and deadly cardiac arrhythmias [4,5,6].…”

“…One of the potentially fatal coronary-related illnesses closely linked to sudden cardiac death, which affects around three million individuals worldwide each year [4,5], is AMI. The main cause of irreversible myocardial damage in AMI is oxygen deprivation in cardiac cells, which can impair diastolic and systolic function and put the patient at risk for severe and deadly cardiac arrhythmias [4,5,6]. Even though AMI can cause several major issues for cardiac function, there are presently limited pharmacological options available for its therapy.…”

“…The fastest possible coronary blood flow restoration following ischemia (reperfusion) is essential for treating AMI [4,5,6,7]. The prognosis improves with earlier treatment (less than 6 hours from the onset of symptoms).…”

Editorial commentary on the special issue of cardiovascular diseases

“…Naryzhnaya et al summarized antiarrhythmic, cardioprotective, and vasoprotective effects of chronic hypoxia on enhancing cardiac tolerance to I/R, which involves the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms, such as reactive oxygen species, hormones and humoral factors, kinases, K ATP channels and mitochondria, providing a basis for the new therapeutic approaches in I/R [ 3 ] .…”