The effect of antibiotic usage on resistance in humans and food-producing animals: a longitudinal, One Health analysis using European data

Rahman, Sakib; Hollis, Aidan

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1170426

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…While ecological regression analysis is arguably an underexploited resource for investigating the determinants of ABR(3), a number of recent studies have used it with interesting and promising results. Rahman and Hollis (14) found that, for European countries across a number of drug-pathogen combinations, ABU (in humans and animals) did explain human ABR prevalence, but that the relationship was consistently inelastic, unlike in our own findings where the relationship was generally somewhat elastic. That our results were more elastic than theirs could reflect the need to include additional covariates which may co-cause both use and resistance, or alternatively could simply mean that resistance in Campylobacter responds elastically to changes in ABU relative to resistance in most bacterial pathogens.…”

Section: Links To the Broader Literaturecontrasting

confidence: 83%

WITHDRAWN: The relationship between antibiotic use in humans and poultry and antibiotic resistance prevalence in humans: an ecological regression study of Campylobacter in the UK

Emes,

Guitian,

Knight

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Antibiotic resistance (ABR), the capacity of bacterial pathogens to survive in the presence of antibiotics, is an increasingly pressing issue for human health worldwide. The use of antibiotics (ABU) in humans and livestock animals, is considered the main driver of the global increase in ABR prevalence, but the shape and size of this relationship at the population level is still uncertain. In the UK, the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter is a major cause of foodborne infection, with most infections attributed to poultry. It is a strong case study to investigate the ecological relationship between antibiotic use and resistance across humans and animals. Despite significant reductions in ABU in humans and poultry over the last decade, the rate of ABR in Campylobacter infections in the UK has remained relatively high. We compiled data on Campylobacter infections and the use of antibiotics in primary care, secondary care, and poultry health in the UK from 2011 to 2022 (human data were from England only). Using pooled ordinary least squares regression, we investigated the relationship between the rate of ABR in Campylobacter infections and the quantity of ABU in each of these three sectors. We also explored the shape and size of this relationship using different specifications. Our results suggest that the rate of antibiotic resistance in human Campylobacter infections in the UK was positively linked with use of antibiotics in humans, with some evidence that it was also linked to antibiotic use in poultry. However, antibiotic use explained only a relatively small portion of the changes in resistance. For human health, we found evidence that the relationship between (antibiotic) use and resistance weakens over time as resistance builds up in the human population, supporting the idea of a resistance threshold beyond which resistant strains become endemic and reductions in use become less effective. Our results suggest that reducing use alone may not be sufficient to bring the level of ABR in Campylobacter down to desirable levels. While antibiotic stewardship remains essential, future policy and research on Campylobacter should dedicate focus to transmission factors, safeguarding new antibiotics in people, and alternative and complementary therapies for poultry infection such as vaccination and bacteriophages.

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Section: Links To the Broader Literaturecontrasting

confidence: 83%

WITHDRAWN: The relationship between antibiotic use in humans and poultry and antibiotic resistance prevalence in humans: an ecological regression study of Campylobacter in the UK

Emes,

Guitian,

Knight

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…(4) After the formation of blue crystals, add 100 μL buffer solution to each well and place it in a shaker for 30 min to melt the blue crystals. (5) The absorbance value of each hole at 492 nm was measured on the 96-well plate for ablation of blue crystals using MDEM plus. Relative cell viability = (A experiments − A blank )/(A control − A blank ) × 100%.…”

Section: Cytotoxicity Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacterial infection caused by pathogenic bacteria can occur in human respiratory tract, skin, blood, and other parts, seriously threatening human life and health. , After successfully developing antibiotics, they have been widely applied in many fields such as medicine, agriculture, animal husbandry, and aquatic farming. − But the microbial resistance to antibiotics gradually increased with the excessive use of antibiotics, so that the bactericidal effect was not noticeable . Also, excessive residues of indiscriminate antibiotics in our living environment further harm human life and health. , The current sterilization methods were still primarily traditional, including ultraviolet irradiation, chlorine, ozone, and other strong oxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Self-Disinfection Nanofiber Film Based on AgPd Hollow Nanospheres

Pi,

Zhan,

Liu

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Bacterial infection caused by pathogenic bacteria can occur in the human respiratory tract, skin, blood, and other parts, seriously threatening human life and health. There is an urgent need to develop a durable, internal, fast, and effective sterilization protective mask to limit the proliferation and rapid spread of microorganisms, thereby ensuring human health issues. Therefore, we have ingeniously designed a spherical hollow silver− palladium nanoalloy-based polyacrylonitrile nanofiber film (AgPd-PAN nanofiber film) by the displacement reaction and electrospinning technology, which exhibited an outstanding quad-mode synergistic antibacterial effect. Pd-modified Ag nanospheres, especially AgPd 0.4 , possessed a strong inherent ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Surprisingly, the synthesized AgPd 0.4 hollow nanospheres showed excellent photothermal conversion performance (28.16%), and the oxidase-like performance of AgPd 0.4 was significantly enhanced under visible light irradiation, resulting in a 20% increase in the production of 1 O 2. The prepared AgPd-PAN nanofiber film also exhibited outstanding photothermal performance, instantly rising to 58.5 °C in 1 min. Meanwhile, the AgPd-PAN nanofiber film had a prominent self-disinfection ability and could completely kill bacteria within 3 h. Notably, once exposed to sunlight, the sterilization time was drastically shortened to 4 min. The rapid production of ROS, the sharp rise of solar irradiation temperature, and the effective release of Ag + contributed to the rapid sterilization of AgPd-PAN nanofiber film. In addition, AgPd 0.4 hollow nanospheres had almost negligible biological toxicity and were suitable for further application in protective equipment. The rapid self-disinfection strategy we designed had great application prospects in the timely sterilization of mask.

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“…Ecological panel regression has been used in a number of contexts to investigate the relationship between animal ABU and human ABR, although to our knowledge this is the first study to apply it to detailed data from Denmark specifically. Rahman and Hollis (14) found that, across a panel of European countries, ABU in food animals and in humans were independently and causally related to the rate of ABR in both humans and animals. Adda (15) found that, in the United States, ABU in humans and animals both contributed to the rate of ABR in human infections, with human ABU being a greater contributor and with more recently-introduced antibiotics having a greater effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ABU may also have a delayed effect on the rate of ABR (14), especially in food animal production, where antibiotics used at the beginning of production cycles may take time to pass into the human population. Understanding the role of lagged ABU can help us to understand these transmission mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of animal antibiotic use to antibiotic resistance in humans: Panel evidence from Denmark

Emes,

Belay,

Knight

2024

Preprint

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Antibiotic use (ABU) in animals is postulated to be a major contributor to selection of antibiotic resistance (ABR) which subsequently causes infections in human populations. However, there are few quantifications of the size of this association. Denmark, as a country with high levels of pig production and good surveillance data, is an ideal case study for exploring this association. In this paper, we compile a dataset on ABU across several animal species and antibiotic classes, and data on the rate of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in humans across key pathogens, in Denmark over time (2010 - 2020). We run panel data regressions (fixed effects, random effects, first difference and pooled ordinary least squares) to test the association between the level of ABR in human infections and the level of ABU in animals. Between ABR in humans and ABU in animal species, we find a positive relationship for cattle, some evidence of a positive relationship for poultry and companion animals, and a negative relationship for fish, although the latter is likely driven by confounding factors. When lagging ABU by one year, the effect of ABU in cattle and companion animals remained similar, the effect of ABU in poultry fell in size, and ABU in fish was no longer significant, perhaps due to differences in life cycle length among animal species. Additional covariates were explored, including pet populations, agricultural production and GDP per capita (at purchasing power parity), but these results were limited by the statistical power of the dataset. Under all models, animal ABU determined only a minority of the change in human ABR levels in this context with adjusted R2 ranging from 0.19 to 0.44. This paper supports the role of animal ABU in determining human ABR levels but suggests that, despite comprising a large portion of systemwide ABU, it only explains a minority of the variation. This is likely driven in part by data limitations, and could also be due to a persistence of ABR once resistance has emerged, suggesting a significant role for socioeconomic and transmission factors in bringing ABR down to desirable levels.

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The effect of antibiotic usage on resistance in humans and food-producing animals: a longitudinal, One Health analysis using European data

Cited by 16 publications

References 54 publications

WITHDRAWN: The relationship between antibiotic use in humans and poultry and antibiotic resistance prevalence in humans: an ecological regression study of Campylobacter in the UK

WITHDRAWN: The relationship between antibiotic use in humans and poultry and antibiotic resistance prevalence in humans: an ecological regression study of Campylobacter in the UK

Rapid Self-Disinfection Nanofiber Film Based on AgPd Hollow Nanospheres

The contribution of animal antibiotic use to antibiotic resistance in humans: Panel evidence from Denmark

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