The effect of anticancer drugs on seven cell lines monitored by FTIR spectroscopy

Abstract

Systemic approaches such as metabolomics are increasingly needed to improve the development of novel drugs. In this paper, we suggest a new strategy based on infrared spectroscopy which probes the global chemical composition of a sample. Seven cell lines from three tumour types were investigated and exposed to four classical anticancer drugs belonging to two classes characterized by a unique mechanism. First, each cell line was considered separately and a hierarchical clustering was built for the seven cell lines. Spectra clustered according to the drug mechanism of action for all the cell lines tested. Second, the similarities among drug mechanism spectral fingerprints were investigated for all the cell lines simultaneously. Difference spectra (the mean spectrum of the corresponding untreated cell line was subtracted) were computed so that the particular contribution of every cell line was eliminated and only the drug-induced differences could be compared. The hierarchical clustering shows a clear tendency to distinguish the two modes of action, revealing a very similar type of response to molecules with a similar mechanism. High throughput systems with 96-well plates are now available and a well established bioassay could be developed in order to provide an objective classifier for potential anticancer drugs.

Study of gemcitabine‐sensitive/resistant cancer cells by cell cloning and synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy

“…However, most of the studies carried out so far using vibrational spectroscopy aimed at assessing tumor response to chemotherapy drugs have compared mixed (resistant and sensitive) populations of cancer cells prior to and after the addition of a given drug to identify spectral markers of tumor resistance to drugs (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Spectral signatures of the given drug and/or their metabolites could be present in the spectra of cells in contact with the drug.…”

“…Several studies, including ours, have shown that such technique can detect differences between cancer cells prior to and after the addition of drugs (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Furthermore, the possibility of studying the effects of drugs on cancer cells at subcellular level using synchrotron-based FTIR (S-FTIR) microspectroscopy could help to better characterize spectral biomarkers of cancer cells sensitivity to drugs.…”

Infrared spectroscopy detects changes in an amphibian cell line induced by fungicides: Comparison of single and mixture effects

“…Cells attached for 24 h before treatment with the test agents as either single concentrations or binary mixtures for a further 24 h. This treatment time is optimal for IR spectroscopy studies as it allows the recording of distinct spectral variations, whilst avoiding large amounts of damage from apoptosis and necrosis to the cells (Derenne et al, 2012). Chesterland, OH, USA), dried overnight and stored in a desiccator until analysis.…”

Preclinical screening of anticancer drugs using infrared (IR) microspectroscopy

“…Detection and classification of growth phases of individual cells based on their label-free IR spectra has been demonstrated to be achievable on both a chemically-fixed [5] and live-cell timescale [6] thus, highlighting its diverseness. Furthermore, as demonstrated in FTIRM studies of multiple cell lines, it is possible to achieve general classification of drug mode of action by the cellular response [7]. As a preclinical tool, this provides significant benefit for the analysis of experimental compounds with unknown chemical mechanisms.…”