The Effect of Antidiuretic Hormone on the Permeability of the Vessels of the Renal Medulla of the Rat During Water Diuresis

Williams, Margaret M.; Moffat, D. B.; Creasey, Margaret

doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1971.sp002126

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The degreee of this swelling would serve merely to modify the net weight loss. The conditions under which the preincubations were carried out were characterized by two factors which might be expected to cause cell swelling: (i) osmotic entry of water into the cells due to absence from the incubation medium of protein, which is normally present in rat medullary interstitial fluid (Williams, Moffat & Creasey, 1971) and (ii) I" aq CHLORIDE IONS AND CELL VOLUME imposed by an intact basement membrane (and perhaps also the renal capsule). It has recently been suggested that hydrostatic and colloidal osmotic forces play a major role in determination of cortical tubular cell volume (Linshaw, Stapleton, Cuppage & Grantham, 1977), and that the high effective osmotic pressure within outer medullary cells causes transitory swelling in proteinfree media (Bullivant, 1978).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of chloride ions on renal outer medullary cell volume.

Law¹

1979

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Slices of rat renal outer medulla have been incubated in media made hyperosmotic (540 and 1055 m-osmole/kg H20) by the addition of urea, and containing variable concentrations of Cl (90, 144, 189 and 215 mM) and constant concentrations of Na (180 mM) and K (5.9 mM). A small number of incubations have been conducted in the presence of 100 mM-Na.2. Changes in cell volume during incubation have been calculated on the basis of initial and final slice weight and inulin space.3. The capacity of cells to shrink in response to extracellular osmotic stress was related principally to the external Cl concentration rather than to osmolality, increases in concentration being associated with enhanced shrinkage. Shrinkage was accompanied by net loss of cellular Cl. The ratio between intra-and extracellular C1 concentration (ca. 0.41) remained constant in all media.4. In media containing low Cl concentration (90 mM), reduction of media Na concentration to 100 mM enhanced shrinkage. This effect was not observed when medium Cl concentration was greater than 90 mM.5. Ethacrynic acid-cysteine (1 mM) significantly impaired the shrinkage response to extracellular osmotic stress, and caused cell swelling in media of relatively low Cl concentration and osmolality. It did not abolish the dependency of cell volume upon Cl concentration. There was marked reduction in the net amount of Cl lost from cells. 6. Ethacrynic acid-cysteine caused an increase in cellular Na content only in media containing 540 m-osmole/kg H20 and Cl concentrations less than 215 mm.7. Ouabain (1 mM) inhibited cell shrinkage to a lesser extent than ethacrynic acidcysteine in all media except that causing the greatest shrinkage under control conditions (215 mM-Cl/1055 m-osmole/kg H20). It is suggested that a ouabain-sensitive process may play an increasingly important role in Cl-related cell shrinkage as this becomes more pronounced.8. The findings are consistent with the view that Cl ions influence cell volume both through their effective external osmotic pressure and by means of Cl-specific process; the latter is associated with net loss of cellular Cl. A dependence of this loss upon Na/K exchange-linked metabolism is inferred, but the present findings do not permit the active or passive nature of the extrusion to be defined.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of chloride ions on renal outer medullary cell volume.

Law¹

1979

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Administration of the appropriate serum immediately preceded vasopressin infusion (see Methods), and it is possible that within 1 hr the amount ofAUase accumulating in the medullary interstitium was insufficient to affect the concentrating mechanism. The walls of the vasa recta are permeable to macromolecules, but there is evidence that in the rat permeability is reduced during antidiuresis (Williams, Moffat & Creasey, 1971 ;Moffat & Williams, 1974 (Katchalsky, 1964). Breakdown of hyaluronic acid should thus be accompanied by release of Ca.…”

Section: R 0 Law and D Rowen Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of hyaluronidase on urinary and renal medullary composition following antidiuretic stimulus in the rat.

Law¹,

Rowen²

1981

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The influence of urinary hyaluronidase (believed to be predominantly of renal origin) on the urinary concentrating process has been studied in rats subjected to antidiuretic stimulus.2. Antiserum against a partially purified preparation of this enzyme has been raised in rabbits. Urinary volume, solute excretion and medullary composition have been investigated in rats treated with this antiserum (0-2 ml./100 g body weight, i.v.) before water deprivation for 48 hr or infusion for up to 4 hr with arginine-vasopressin. Control rats were pre-treated with normal rabbit serum.3. Pre-treatment with antiserum against rat urinary hyaluronidase (AUase) caused water-deprived rats to excrete urine at a rate significantly greater, and of osmolality significantly lower, than that recorded in control rats.4. The increase in medullary solute gradient which typically accompanies antidiuresis was significantly reduced in water-deprived rats pre-treated with AUase.5. In rats treated with AUase and infused for 4 hr with arginine-vasopressin, there was no significant increase in the medullary solute gradient, whereas this increased markedly in control rats. 6. During the first 24 hr of water deprivation there was an increase in the rate of Ca excretion by control rats which was abolished by pre-treatment with AUase.7. The effects of antiserum against a partially purified preparation of rat testicular hyaluronidase (ATase) were studied in water-deprived rats. No evidence was obtained that this enzyme has any influence on renal function. 8. It is concluded that urinary hyaluronidase, but not testicular hyaluronidase, plays an important role in facilitating the urinary concentrating process following antidiuretic stimulus.

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“…In the inner medulla, however, no lymphatics have been demonstrated. Furthermore, there is much evidence to show that labeled plasma proteins pass from the circulating blood into the medullary interstitium (18,54). Thus, questions arise not only as to whether oncotic pressure gradients across the walls of the AVR are sufficient to account for the clearance of fluid from the medulla (and if not, what other forces might be involved) but also how the clearance of plasma protein from the medullary interstitium is achieved.…”

Section: Water Transport Between the Medullary Tissue And Its Microcimentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal Medullary Microcirculation: Architecture and Exchange

Michel

1995

Microcirculation

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The architecture of the renal medullary microcirculation is highly specialized. Consistent with their role in countercurrent exchange, the vessels (the vasa recta and the intervening capillaries) have high permeabilities to fluid and small hydrophilic solutes. The urea permeability of the continuous endothelium of the descending vasa recta (DVR) in the outer medulla is greatly enhanced by a urea transporter. Aquaporin channels have also been identified in these vessels. In spite of the absence of lymphatics from the inner medulla, fluid uptake from the interstitial fluid (ISF) through the fenestrated endothelium of the ascending vasa recta (AVR) appears to be driven by differences in hydrostatic and oncotic pressure. Because the AVR have high Lp's [10(-5) cm s-1 (cm H2O)-1] and are mechanically linked to surrounding structures, small increments of ISF pressures above the pressure within the AVR can drive significant volumes of fluid into AVR if ISF volume expands. The lower reflection coefficients to serum albumin of the AVR as compared with the DVR may be important in the clearance of interstitial plasma protein. Recent work on isolated DVR from the outer medulla has revealed that these vessels are capable of vasoconstriction and thus of regulating medullary blood flow.

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The Effect of Antidiuretic Hormone on the Permeability of the Vessels of the Renal Medulla of the Rat During Water Diuresis

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

The influence of chloride ions on renal outer medullary cell volume.

The influence of chloride ions on renal outer medullary cell volume.

The influence of hyaluronidase on urinary and renal medullary composition following antidiuretic stimulus in the rat.

Renal Medullary Microcirculation: Architecture and Exchange

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