The effect of apparatus, extraction time, and solvent type on lipid extractions of snow geese

Dobush, Gloria R.; Ankney, C. Davison; Krementz, David G.

doi:10.1139/z85-285

Cited by 398 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…We sorted and identified food samples and dried the samples for 48 hours at 55˚C before weighing them to the nearest 0.01 g. We sent frozen specimens to the University of Western Ontario for body composition analysis. Carcasses were plucked and analyzed for lipids using duplicate petroleum ether extraction with a Soxhlet apparatus and for ash-free lean dry mass (i.e., an index of protein) following standardized procedures (Horwitz 1975, Dobush et al 1985.…”

Section: Food Habits and Carcass Nutrient Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spring migration ecology of the mid‐continent sandhill crane population with an emphasis on use of the Central Platte River Valley, Nebraska

Krapu

Brandt

Kinzel

et al. 2014

Wildlife Monographs

109

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We conducted a 10-year study (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) of the Mid-Continent Population (MCP) of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) to identify spring-migration corridors, locations of major stopovers, and migration chronology by crane breeding affiliation (western Alaska-Siberia [WA-S], northern Canada-Nunavut [NC-N], west-central Canada-Alaska [WC-A], and east-central Canada-Minnesota [EC-M]). In the Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) of Nebraska, we evaluated factors influencing staging chronology, food habits, fat storage, and habitat use of sandhill cranes. We compared our findings to results from the Platte River Ecology Study conducted during [1978][1979][1980]. We determined spring migration corridors used by the breeding affiliations (designated subpopulations for management purposes) by monitoring 169 cranes marked with platform transmitter terminals (PTTs). We also marked and monitored 456 cranes in the CPRV with very high frequency (VHF) transmitters to evaluate length and pattern of stay, habitat use, and movements. An estimated 42% and 58% of cranes staging in the CPRV were greater sandhill cranes (G. c. tabida) and lesser sandhill cranes (G. c. canadensis), and they stayed for an average of 20 and 25 days (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007), respectively. Cranes from the WA-S, NC-N, WC-A, and EC-M affiliations spent an average of 72, 77, 52, and 53 days, respectively, in spring migration of which 28, 23, 24, and 18 days occurred in the CPRV. The majority of the WA-S subpopulation settled in the CPRV apparently because of inadequate habitat to support more birds upstream, although WA-S cranes accounted for >90% of birds staging in the North Platte River Valley. Crane staging duration in the CPRV was negatively correlated with arrival dates; 92% of cranes stayed >7 days. A program of annual mechanical removal of mature stands of woody growth and seedlings that began in the early 1980s primarily in the main channel of the Platte River has allowed distribution of crane roosts to remain relatively stable over the past 2 decades. Most cranes returned to nocturnal roost sites used in previous years. Corn residues dominated the diet of sandhill cranes in the CPRV, as in the 1970s, despite a marked decline in standing crop of corn residues. Only 14% (10 of 74) of PTT-marked migrant cranes stayed at stopovers for !5 days before arriving in the CPRV, which limited the contribution of sites south of the CPRV for fat accumulation needed for migration and reproduction. Body masses of cranes (after adjusting for body size [an index of fat]) at arrival in the CPRV varied widely among years (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006), indicating the importance of maintaining productive habitats on the wintering grounds to condition cranes for migration and reproduction. Average rates of fat gain by adult females while in the CPRV remained similar from 1978-1979 to 1998-1999 but declined among males. Distances cranes flew to feeding grounds in the C...

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Section: Food Habits and Carcass Nutrient Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spring migration ecology of the mid‐continent sandhill crane population with an emphasis on use of the Central Platte River Valley, Nebraska

Krapu

Brandt

Kinzel

et al. 2014

Wildlife Monographs

109

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“…The dried body was then ground and extracted with petroleum ether in a Soxhlet apparatus to determine fat mass and fat-free dry mass (FFDM). 26 FFDM was burned at 6001C overnight (minimum 8 h) to determine ash content. Total-carcass ash content was determined by multiplying the percentage of ash in the FFDM sample by the total FFDM of the carcass.…”

Section: Body Composition Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain: development of an animal model

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE: Weight gain is a prominent effect of most atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPDs); yet, the mechanisms are not fully understood and no well-established mouse models exist for investigating the mechanisms. Thus, we developed a mouse model to evaluate the effects of AAPDs on eating, body weight (BW), and body composition. METHODS: Female C57BL/6J mice were used to test olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and risperidone. Mice were acclimated to individual housing, given ad libitum access to chow and water, dosed with placebo peanut butter pills for 1 week, and then dosed daily with AAPD-laced peanut butter pills for 4 weeks. Weekly food intakes and BWs were measured, and body compositions were determined at the end of each experiment. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of treatment, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and risperidone caused significant weight increases, but only olanzapine and quetiapine were associated with significantly increased food intake. Body composition data revealed that olanzapine-treated mice had more relative fat mass and risperidone-treated mice had more relative lean mass than did control mice. Quetiapine and ziprasidone did not significantly affect relative body composition even though BW was increased. CONCLUSIONS: Oral AAPD administration causes increased BW in female mice. Our mouse model of AAPD-induced weight gain resembles the human response to these medications and will be used to investigate the mechanisms for weight gain and fat accumulation.

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“…The dried carcass was homogenized by first cutting the carcass into small pieces with scissors followed by grinding with a mortar and pestle. Fat was extracted from homogenate samples with petroleum ether using a Soxhlet apparatus (6). The percentage of the sample removed (fat) was multiplied by the dry carcass mass to obtain total fat content (grams).…”

Section: Chemical Body Composition Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Composition in a Seasonal Model of Obesity: Longitudinal Measures and Validation of DXA

Hunter

Nagy

2002

Obesity Research

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HUNTER, HEATHER L. AND TIM R. NAGY. Body composition in a seasonal model of obesity: longitudinal measures and validation of DXA. Obes Res. 2002;10: 1180 -1187. Objective: Collared lemmings, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus, show rapid changes in body mass on a seasonal basis. The objective of this study was to measure longitudinal changes in body composition in animals undergoing photoperiodinduced weight gain and loss using DXA. Research Methods and Procedures: Adult, female collared lemmings exposed to either long (LD; 22 hours light/2 hours dark) or short (SD; 8 hours light/16 hours dark) photoperiods were anesthetized, and DXA was used to determine fat mass, lean tissue mass (LTM), total-body bone mineral content, and total-bone mineral density. After a baseline scan, one-half of the animals were transferred to the alternate photoperiod (SD-LD, weight loss; LD-SD, weight gain) and one-half remained on the same photoperiod (controls; SD-SD, LD-LD). Body composition was determined by DXA after 4 and 8 weeks. Animals were killed, and body composition was determined by carcass analysis. DXA-derived data were validated by comparing with carcass analysis. Results: Body composition by DXA was highly related to body composition measured by chemical analysis, thereby justifying the use of DXA. Lemmings in the SD-LD group lost weight, and this was reflected in measurable losses of fat and LTM. Lemmings in the LD-SD group gained weight, which was shown by measurable increases in fat, LTM and total-body bone mineral content. Discussion: Comparison of body composition determined by DXA to that by chemical extraction revealed that DXA is useful for measuring body composition. The longitudinal analysis revealed that collared lemmings undergo rapid changes in body composition when exposed to changes in photoperiod.

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The effect of apparatus, extraction time, and solvent type on lipid extractions of snow geese

Cited by 398 publications

References 13 publications

Spring migration ecology of the mid‐continent sandhill crane population with an emphasis on use of the Central Platte River Valley, Nebraska

Spring migration ecology of the mid‐continent sandhill crane population with an emphasis on use of the Central Platte River Valley, Nebraska

Antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain: development of an animal model

Body Composition in a Seasonal Model of Obesity: Longitudinal Measures and Validation of DXA

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