The effect of arginine on oral biofilm communities

Nascimento, Marcelle M.; Browngardt, Christopher M.; Xiaohui, Xu; Klepac‐Ceraj, Vanja; Paster, Bruce J.; Burne, Robert A.

doi:10.1111/mom.12044

Cited by 19 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…On the other hand, when S. sanguinis colonizes first or forms single-species biofilms, higher pH values (> 5.8) and higher cell counts were observed. The latter confirms the idea of S. sanguinis as being an arginolytic commensal, able to maintain an alkaline pH within the oral microenvironment by ammonia production from urea or arginine, using the arginine deiminase system, activated by environmental pH values slightly acidic [Burne and Marquis, 2000;Nascimento et al, 2014]. Figure 4 shows S. sanguinis genes, gtfP and spxB.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis Expression of Competition-Related Genes, Under Sucrose

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Streptococcus mutans synthesizes 3 glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) associated with cariogenic biofilms, while commensal Streptococcus sanguinis produces only one; gtfP and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by SpxB. The aim was to test the hypothesis that under a sucrose-induced cariogenic challenge, the expression of competition-related genes is differentially regulated depending on whether S. sanguinis or S. mutans primarily colonize enamel. Dual-species biofilms of S. sanguinis and S. mutans were formed under different colonization sequences on enamel slabs and exposed to 10% sucrose for 5 min, 3×/day for 5 days. Biofilms were analyzed for the transcriptional response of competition-related genes encoding gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD for S. mutans and gtfP and spxB for S. sanguinis. In addition, acidogenicity (pH) and viable cells in each of the conditions were determined. For all the genes, a downregulation was observed during simultaneous colonization by both bacterial species. In contrast, gtfB was upregulated when S. sanguinis was the first colonizer (p < 0.05). Both gtfC and gtfD were upregulated during sequential inoculation with S. sanguinis as the first colonizer. An eleven-fold upregulation of gtfP was observed in biofilms with S. mutans as initial colonizer (p < 0.05), with a moderate increase in spxB expression. The lowest pH values and viable cells of S. sanguinis were observed when S. mutans first colonized the enamel slabs, compared to the other conditions (p < 0.05). Demanding sucrose-challenged oral environment requires increased expression of virulence traits to effectively compete and thrive in the dental biofilm, especially when the competitor has already colonized the ecological niche.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis Expression of Competition-Related Genes, Under Sucrose

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been shown that the arginine-deiminase system is already activated even after 4 weeks of arginine use [Nascimento et al, 2014]. Therefore, the 2-month period of AFD use prior to the second experimental leg should be long enough to allow biofilm adaptation to alkali production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to clarify that, in addition to inducing a higher activity of arginine-deiminase system, the long-term use of arginine also induces microbial changes in oral cavity leading to selection of a healthier microbial community [Nascimento et al, 2014]. Based on this, we chose a study design that was not crossed-over in relation to dentifrice use in an attempt to avoid any carry-over effect that might occur due to the use of AFD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ Effect of Arginine-Containing Dentifrice on Plaque Composition and on Enamel Demineralization under Distinct Cariogenic Conditions

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is limited evidence that arginine-containing fluoridated dentifrices (AFD) have a better anticaries effect than regular fluoridated dentifrices (FD), especially in subjects at a higher risk for caries development. This study aimed to assess the effect of AFD on enamel demineralization and on the microbial and biochemical compositions of biofilm formed under different frequencies of sucrose exposure. It consisted of an in situ split-mouth design, where 12 adult volunteers who used FD for at least 2 months prior to the beginning of this study wore acrylic palatal appliances containing 4 bovine enamel specimens (1 pair at each side of the appliance) during 2 phases of 14 days each. FD slurry (3×/day) and 20% sucrose solution (4× and 8×/day) were dripped on the specimens during the first experimental phase. The same volunteers then used AFD during a 2-month washout period, followed by a second experimental phase where the AFD slurry and sucrose solution were applied onto a new subset of specimens. The percentage of enamel surface hardness loss (%SHL), the lesion depth (LD), the integrated mineral loss (IML), microbial counts on biofilms, the biomass, and inorganic and insoluble extracellular polysaccharide (IEPS) biofilm concentrations were determined. Higher %SHL, biomass, and IEPS and lower fluoride values were found at sucrose 8×/day exposure. Lower IEPS were found in the presence of AFD compared to FD. Similar %SHL, LD, and IML values were found between FD and AFD, irrespectively of the cariogenic challenge. The results suggest that AFD have an anticaries effect similar to that of regular FD.

show abstract

“…Health-associated bacteria in the oral biofilm may act as arginolytic through the arginine deaminase system (ADS), and enhanced ADS activity has been identified in dental plaque from caries-free sites compared with sites with enamel or 22 Twetman dentine lesions (46). Furthermore, studies on polymicrobial biofilms in vitro (47,48), as well as in vivo, have shown that the addition of arginine to the biofilm models and to fluoride toothpaste can increase the ADS activity, raise biofilm pH, and shift plaque microbial profiles to a microbial community similar to that found in caries-free individuals (49,50). A meta-analysis of seven clinical trials demonstrated a synergistic effect of arginine, when used in conjunction with fluoride, on early coronal and root caries compared with placebo or fluoride alone (51).…”

Section: Pre-and Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of dental caries as a non‐communicable disease

Twetman

2018

European J Oral Sciences

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Today, dental caries is regarded as a preventable non-communicable disease (NCD) that affects a majority of the population across their lifespan. As such, it shares a number of behavioural, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors with other NCDs, such as overweight and diabetes, and should be subjected to a similar model of chronic disease management. Caries prevention has traditionally relied on fluoride exposure, diet control, thorough oral hygiene, and antibacterial measures. Prevention of caries as an NCD does certainly not disqualify these methods, but brings them into a new context. This conference paper provides a brief review on how common preventive measures can interfere with the drivers of dysbiosis and promote the growth of health-associated clusters in the oral microbiome. Besides the established routines of regular toothbrushing with fluoride products, there is an opportunity for additional technologies, based on ecological principles, to address and modify the oral biofilm. Methods to reduce dietary sugar intake, slow down plaque metabolism, and support saliva functions should be further developed and investigated in terms of efficacy, compliance, and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, biofilm engineering through pre- and probiotics early in life to support microbial diversity seem promising in order to obtain a sustained caries-preventive effect.

show abstract

The effect of arginine on oral biofilm communities

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

<b><i>Streptococcus mutans</i></b> and <b><i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i></b> Expression of Competition-Related Genes, Under Sucrose

<b><i>Streptococcus mutans</i></b> and <b><i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i></b> Expression of Competition-Related Genes, Under Sucrose

In situ Effect of Arginine-Containing Dentifrice on Plaque Composition and on Enamel Demineralization under Distinct Cariogenic Conditions

Prevention of dental caries as a non‐communicable disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About