The effect of austenitizing temperature upon the microstructure and mechanical properties of experimental Fe/Cr/C steels

Carlson, M.F.; Rao, B. V. Narasimha; Thomas, G.

doi:10.1007/bf02811983

Cited by 67 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In the case of the dual-phase, ferriticmartensitic 1018 steel, which is nearly 65% ferrite, Z is taken as the ferrite grain size, consistent with Suzuki and McEvily's observation that crack growth preferentially followed a path through the ferrite (14]. For the martensitic 4Cr -0.35C steel, 1 would be the size of the packet of martensite laths which have a common variant according to the Kurdjumov-Sachs or the NishiyamaWasserman transformation relations --were there no austenite remaining at the lath boundaries as an effective barrier to the transmission of slip bands between adjacent laths [9 ]. In those cases where virtually continuous films of retained austenite lie the lath boundaries (viz.…”

Section: Survey and Analysissupporting

confidence: 72%

“…By contrast, !r the material quenched from the lowest austenitizing temperature (870 C), the austenite film is highly discontinuous; in this instance, the appropriately modulated value of mean free path is estimated (from quantitative metallographic methods by the present authors) from the thin-film transmission electron micrograph in Ref. [9] to be , = 0.83 tMm.…”

Section: Survey and Analysismentioning

confidence: 82%

“…9 This relationship was derived in the cyclic plastic zone model of fatigue crack growth established in our prior work with titanium alloys. In further agreement with this model, AKT has been identified for these steels as the point at which the cyclic plastic zone attains the mean grain size.…”

Section: Abstract (Continued)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Critical Analysis of Grain-Size and Yield-Strength Dependence of Near-Threshold Fatigue Crack Growth in Steels

Yoder

Cooley

Crooker

1983

Fracture Mechanics: Fourteenth Symposium—Volume I: Theory and Analysis

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Near-threshold fatigue crack growth behavior has been analyzed for a broad selection of steels surveyed from the literature. It is clear first of all that apparent values of the threshold stress-intensity factor (ΔKth) can vary widely, roughly an order of magnitude. Though in many instances actual ΔKth values are difficult to define rigorously, a pronounced transition point or “knee” is apparent in the near-threshold region of the conventional logarithmic plot of fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) as a function of stress-intensity range (ΔK). Though the values of ΔK associated with these transition points (ΔKT) for an individual steel may tend to exhibit a functional dependence on yield strength (σys) or grain size (¯ℓ)—as is the case, for example, with a low-carbon ferritic steel—it is unmistakably clear that for the gamut of steels examined (15 cases), the transition points do not order on the basis of either σys or ¯ℓ alone. Rather, values of ΔKT for the gamut of steels order on the basis of a synergetic interaction of σys and ¯ℓ, according to the equation, ΔKT=5.5σysℓ¯. This relationship was derived in the cyclic plastic zone model of fatigue crack growth established in our prior work with titanium alloys. In further agreement with this model, ΔKT has been identified for these steels as the point at which the cyclic plastic zone attains the mean grain size. The significance and implications of these findings appear far-reaching, as the steels surveyed include those of both high and low strength, a wide range of effective grain sizes (mean free path in the case of high-strength steel), and a host of microstructural types (ferritic, martensitic, pearlitic, bainitic, and austenitic).

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Section: Survey and Analysissupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Survey and Analysismentioning

confidence: 82%

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A Critical Analysis of Grain-Size and Yield-Strength Dependence of Near-Threshold Fatigue Crack Growth in Steels

Yoder

Cooley

Crooker

1983

Fracture Mechanics: Fourteenth Symposium—Volume I: Theory and Analysis

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“…4) The martensite is then subjected to tempering treatment to obtain suitable combination of hardness and ductility. 4,5) The martensitic microstructure is rarely used in un-tempered condition due to presence of large internal stresses associated with the martensitic phase transformation and very low ductility. 4,5) Low-temperature tempering is sufficient to reduce these internal stresses considerably without essentially changing the basic features of the martensitic structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Heat Treated En31 Steel

et al. 2013

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Ni-Cr-Mo steels are widely used in machine part members, gears and shafts. Steels with higher carbon content (~1%) are used for heavy machine parts and bearings. Abrasive wear resistance is often a very important requirement for these high carbon steels, apart from sliding wear properties. In the present study, En31 steel was subjected to varying heat treatments to generate different microstructures. An attempt has been made to correlate the two body abrasive wear resistance with the bulk hardness and microstructures. The microstructures were studied through a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer attached to SEM (i.e. SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The bulk hardness decreased with increase in tempering temperature from 423 K to 848 K. The precipitation of Cr7C3 after 598 K tempering did not cause an appreciable increase in the hardness. At higher tempering temperatures (848 K), the martensite decomposed to give ferrite and cementite. The abrasive wear tests were carried out on hardened and tempered specimens. The abrasive wear mass loss increased with increase in the tempering temperature. Hardness had a direct correlation with the two body abrasive wear behaviour in En31 steel -increase in hardness increased the abrasive wear resistance. The important material removal mechanism were micro cutting and micro ploughing, the relative contribution of each to total wear loss was influenced by abrasive wear test conditions.

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“…The results of sliding and abrasive wear tests are shown in Figures [8][9][10][11][12][13] and in Table 2 and 3 along with the respective mechanical properties.…”

Section: B Wear Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%