The Effect of Autogenous Welding on Chloride Pitting Corrosion in Austenitic Stainless Steels

Garner, A.

doi:10.5006/0010-9312-35.3.108

Cited by 53 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Unfortunately, the corrosion resistance of welds is never as good as the corresponding wrought base metal. [1] The microstructural development and resultant corrosion resistance of austenitic alloys in this compositional regime has been shown to be strongly controlled by the microsegregation of Mo to the intercellular regions. [2] The ensuing depletion of Mo in the cell core results in preferential corrosive attack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Transformations and Microstructural Evolution of Mo-Bearing Stainless Steels

Anderson

DuPont

Perricone

et al. 2007

Metall Mater Trans A

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The good corrosion resistance of superaustenitic stainless steel (SASS) alloys has been shown to be a direct consequence of high concentrations of Mo, which can have a significant effect on the microstructural development of welds in these alloys. In this research, the microstructural development of welds in the Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo system was analyzed over a wide variety of Cr/Ni ratios and Mo contents. The system was first simulated by construction of multicomponent phase diagrams using the CALPHAD technique. Data from vertical sections of these diagrams are presented over a wide compositional range to produce diagrams that can be used as a guide to understand the influence of composition on microstructural development. A large number of experimental alloys were then prepared via arc-button melting for comparison with the diagrams. Each alloy was characterized using various microscopy techniques. The expected d-ferrite and c-austenite phases were accompanied by martensite at low Cr/Ni ratios and by r phase at high Mo contents. A total of 20 possible phase transformation sequences are proposed, resulting in various amounts and morphologies of the c, d, r, and martensite phases. The results were used to construct a map of expected phase transformation sequence and resultant microstructure as a function of composition. The results of this work provide a working guideline for future base metal and filler metal development of this class of materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Transformations and Microstructural Evolution of Mo-Bearing Stainless Steels

Anderson

DuPont

Perricone

et al. 2007

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…Based on the image, a pitting defect was found on the surface of the specimen. In welding, pits are usually found at specific microstructural features in the weld deposit [24,25]. Pitting is a form of extremely localized attack that results in holes in the metal.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Effects of MIG Welding on Corrosion Behaviour of AISI 1010 Carbon Steel

Razak¹,

Shian²

2014

J MECH ENG SCI

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This paper presents the corrosion behaviour of welded low carbon steel at different welding voltages and filler materials. The welding process was conducted on butt joint specimens using the metal inert gas (MIG) technique at a welding voltage range of 19 to 21 V with 1 V interval, and the filler materials used were ER 308L and ER 70S-6 with 1.2 mm diameter. Heat treatment through full annealing was done to the welded low carbon steel, and the corrosion behaviour was tested using a synthetic seawater environment with 3.5 wt% NaCl. Microstructure changes were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the corrosion rate decreased when the welding voltage increased, as it directly affected the welding heat input. The welding heat input was found to have a significant effect on the corrosion rate as it changed the ferrite content in the microstructure of the specimens. Decrease in the corrosion rate was also found when the full annealing process was done to the specimens and ER 308L filler material was used. From a metallographic study, iron oxides and pitting were found on the surface of the exposed area after the corrosion test. It is apparent that the combination of higher welding voltage, heat treatment and the use of ER 308L filler material can reduce the corrosion rate of AISI 1010 carbon steel.

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“…However, the maximum induction time for pitting observed in experiments is in the range of two days to several hours [10]. This has been confirmed by exposure of specimens to FeCl 3 for five years at a temperature just below the critical pitting temperature determined by the 24 hour FeCl 3 -test (ASTM Practice G 48-92) without occurrence of pitting [11]. In another study, almost all alloys that proved to be susceptible to crevice corrosion in FeCl 3 and NaCl þ KMnO 4 started to corrode within 24 hours [12].…”

Section: Testing Durationmentioning

confidence: 83%

Application limits of stainless steels in the petroleum industry

Oberndorfer¹,

Thayer²,

Kästenbauer

2004

Materials & Corrosion

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Stainless steels have a great variety of potential applications in the petroleum industry, mainly as an alternative to carbon steel in corrosive environments. Within a number of media that can cause corrosion problems with these materials, only chloride solutions and hydrogen sulfide are of importance in oilfield service.A reliable tool that permits the proper selection of stainless steels has yet been missing. In order to provide engineering diagrams for this purpose, pitting and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) tests were performed. Specimens were exposed to NaCl solutions containing from 3 to 100,000 ppm Cl À at temperatures from 40 to 200 8C. This test configuration was chosen to give a better representation of actual service conditions than accelerated standard test procedures do.Tested materials were the austenitic stainless steel grades 321, 316Ti (API LC30-1812) and 254 SMO, and 22Cr duplex (austenitic-ferritic) steel (API LC65-2205). Based on an optical examination of the specimens, no-risk regions of chloride concentration vs. temperature have been identified. Subsequently, service temperature limits have been deduced for each tested material.Thus, material failures by pitting and SCC can be prevented without overdesigning. The results of the testing series are applicable to all chloride environments without presence of H 2 S, as they have to be handled by primary production equipment, as well as transportation and gas processing facilities.Nichtrostende Stähle haben ein großes Anwendungspotential in der Ö l-und Gasindustrie, da sie eine Alternative zu Kohlenstoffstahl in korrosiver Umgebung darstellen. Von den Medien, in denen Korrosionsprobleme mit nichtrostenden Stählen auftreten könnten, spielen in der Ö l-und Gasindustrie nur chloridhaltige Lösungen und Schwefelwasserstoff eine Rolle.Bisher gab es keine zuverlässige Möglichkeit zur richtigen Auswahl eines geeigneten nichtrostenden Stahls. Lochkorrosions-und Spannungsrisskorrosionstests (SCC) wurden durchgeführt, um Auswahldiagramme erstellen zu können. Probekörper wurden in NaCl-Lösungen mit Chloridgehalten zwischen 3 und 100 000 ppm und bei Temperaturen von 40 bis 200 8C ausgelagert. Diese Testanordnung wurde gewählt, weil sie die Betriebsbedingungen besser repräsentiert als beschleunigte Standardtestverfahren.Die getesteten Werkstoffe waren die Austeniten 321, 316Ti (API LC30-1812) und 254 SMO und ein 22Cr Duplexstahl (API LC65-2205). Basierend auf einer optischen Auswertung der Proben wurden Chloridkonzentrationen in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur identifiziert, die kein Risiko hinsichtlich eines Lochfraßes bzw. einer Spannungsrisskorrosion darstellen. In Folge konnten Betriebstemperaturlimits für jedes getestete Material abgeleitet werden.Mit Hilfe dieser Kurven können Werkstoffprobleme auf Grund von Lochkorrosion oder Spannungsrisskorrosion vermieden werden, ohne ein Overdesign vorzunehmen. Die Ergebnisse der Testreihen sind für alle chloridhaltigen Medien in Abwesenheit von H 2 S anwendbar, vom Produktionsequipment über die Transportleitungen...

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The Effect of Autogenous Welding on Chloride Pitting Corrosion in Austenitic Stainless Steels

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Phase Transformations and Microstructural Evolution of Mo-Bearing Stainless Steels

Phase Transformations and Microstructural Evolution of Mo-Bearing Stainless Steels

Investigation of Effects of MIG Welding on Corrosion Behaviour of AISI 1010 Carbon Steel

Application limits of stainless steels in the petroleum industry

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