The effect of barium titanate ceramic loading on the stress relaxation behavior of barium titanate‐silicone elastomer composites

Abstract

The stress relaxation behavior of barium titanate (BTO)‐elastomer (Ecoflex) composites, as used in large strain sensors, is studied using the generalized Maxwell‐Wiechert model. In this article, we examine the stress relaxation behavior of ceramic polymer composites by conducting stress relaxation tests on samples prepared with varying the particle loading by 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt% of 100 and 200 nm BTO ceramic particles embedded in a Ecoflex silicone‐based hyperelastic elastomer. The influence of BTO on the Maxwell‐Wiechert model parameters was studied through the stress relaxation results. While a pristine Ecoflex silicone elastomer is predominantly a hyperelastic material, the addition of BTO made the composite behave as a visco‐hyperelastic material. However, this behavior was shown to have a negligible effect on the electrical sensing performance of the large strain sensor.

Studying the creep behaviour of strechable capacitive sensor with barium titanate silicone elastomer composite

“…The visco-hyperelastic nature of BTO-Ecoflex leads to creep and stress-relaxation during static loading conditions. While our previous work has shown that the IDC sensor change in capacitance is not considerably affected by stress relaxation since the strain is fixed [23], we show it is affected by creep in the substrate material of the IDC sensor due to a gradual change in strain and electrode spacing.…”

“…Our earlier study showed that the stress relaxation of an IDC sensor fabricated with 40 wt% each of 100 nm and 200 nm BTO-Ecoflex composite substrate has no effect on the sensor's output [23]. This was observed because during stress-relaxation testing since the elongation (strain) of the IDC sensor remained constant and the distance between the interdigitated electrodes remained constant, as a result the capitance output of IDC sensor did not change.…”

Modeling Electrical Resistance Behavior of Soft and Flexible Piezoresistive Sensors Based on Carbon-Black/Silicone Elastomer Composites

“…Much work has been done to understand the change in resistance and relaxation. The stress relaxation time fitted following the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts model evidenced good accuracy [38,39]. The linear viscoelastic behavior of polymer material was modeled by hereditary integral [40].…”

Machine-Learning-Aided Self-Powered Assistive Physical Therapy Devices

“…Applied forces cause dipoles to diverge in the piezoelectric material, which contributes to charge accumulation at the electrodes. Inorganic piezoelectric materials such as zirconate titanate , lead zirconate titanate (PZT), barium titanate, , zinc oxide, , lead titanate, and aluminum nitride enable ions and anions to move asymmetrically to induce polarization because of their particular crystal structure. Other polymer piezoelectric materials such as poly­(vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene) and nylon , enable constant dipole correction in the presence of an applied force.…”