Abstract:Using coarse-grained Brownian dynamics simulations, we study the relationship between hydrodynamic radius ([Formula: see text] and the lateral size ([Formula: see text] of dispersed nanosheets. Our simulation results show that the bending modulus of the nanosheets has a significant impact on the exponent of this power-law relationship between the radius of gyration (and thus [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] The exponent can vary from 0.17 to 1. This sheds light on the interpretation of dynamic light… Show more
“…[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] By supplementing self-avoidance (materials do not penetrate themselves) 15 and surface interactions, rich conformations were predicted in the framework of Landau-Ginsburg theory of phase transitions, including flat, crumpled, folded, compact, anisotropic tubular, and globular phases. [24][25][26][27] Specifically, some simulation results revealed that the variation in bending stiffness 28,29 and surface adhesion 30 of 2D macromolecules does modify the conformation. Rich emergent behaviors of 2D macromolecules can be triggered, provided with the wide range of elastic responses as tuned by functionalization and defect engineering, [31][32][33] as well as the complexity in intermolecular and intramolecular interactions (e.g., attraction from van der Waals interaction, 34 hydrogen bonding, 35 opposite-charge Coulomb interaction and repulsion from like-charge Coulomb interaction, 36 Pauli repulsion 37 ).…”
We establish a conformational phase map of 2D macromolecules in the experimental model of single-layer graphene oxide. The map covers predictable intramolecular phases and exotic intermolecular behaviors beyond theoretical predictions. The underling energy landscape reveals that the symmetry selectivity of phase transitions is rooted in the competition between elastic distortion and surface adhesion. Our map gives a clear understanding of the conformational transition of 2D macromolecules and initiates a unified framework to precisely control their multiscale condensed conformations.
“…[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] By supplementing self-avoidance (materials do not penetrate themselves) 15 and surface interactions, rich conformations were predicted in the framework of Landau-Ginsburg theory of phase transitions, including flat, crumpled, folded, compact, anisotropic tubular, and globular phases. [24][25][26][27] Specifically, some simulation results revealed that the variation in bending stiffness 28,29 and surface adhesion 30 of 2D macromolecules does modify the conformation. Rich emergent behaviors of 2D macromolecules can be triggered, provided with the wide range of elastic responses as tuned by functionalization and defect engineering, [31][32][33] as well as the complexity in intermolecular and intramolecular interactions (e.g., attraction from van der Waals interaction, 34 hydrogen bonding, 35 opposite-charge Coulomb interaction and repulsion from like-charge Coulomb interaction, 36 Pauli repulsion 37 ).…”
We establish a conformational phase map of 2D macromolecules in the experimental model of single-layer graphene oxide. The map covers predictable intramolecular phases and exotic intermolecular behaviors beyond theoretical predictions. The underling energy landscape reveals that the symmetry selectivity of phase transitions is rooted in the competition between elastic distortion and surface adhesion. Our map gives a clear understanding of the conformational transition of 2D macromolecules and initiates a unified framework to precisely control their multiscale condensed conformations.
“… 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 Numerical simulations using the self-penetrable phantom model of tethered membranes confirm the stability of quasi-flat conformation and revealed the crumpling transition at high temperature. 9 , 10 , 11 Considering the effects of self-avoiding, bending resistance, and surface interaction, simulations of more realistic models predict flat, rippled, wrinkled, crumpled, folded, scrolled, and compact phases, 6 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 which are validated by the experimental studies 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ( Figure 1 A). Figure 1 Morphological phases of 2D macromolecules (A) Phases identified from theoretical and experimental studies, which include the flat, 6 , 13 , 14 quasi-flat, 9 , 18 rippled, 19 wrinkled, 20 folded, 13 , 15 , 16 , 23 scroll, 21 , 22 crumpled, 10 , 12 , 14 , 17 , 18 and compact 13 , 14 phases.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 53%
“… (A) Phases identified from theoretical and experimental studies, which include the flat, 6 , 13 , 14 quasi-flat, 9 , 18 rippled, 19 wrinkled, 20 folded, 13 , 15 , 16 , 23 scroll, 21 , 22 crumpled, 10 , 12 , 14 , 17 , 18 and compact 13 , 14 phases. Similar morphological complexity can be found in the red blood cells (RBCs) 24 and the brain.…”
“…Although there is a large amount of uncertainty in the lateral size measurement, DLS has been found to be useful for comparing significant differences in nanosheet size. [ 27 ] The mean hydrodynamic diameter ( d hd ) attained from DLS can be approximated as the diameter of a sphere with volume equal to the mean GO/rGO sheet volume. The d hd was measured before and after the processing of GO to rGO, Figure a, and a roughly 40% shift in the average particle's d hd was observed with the d hd of both GO and rGO found to be 478 ± 9 to 285 ± 3 nm, respectively.…”
A wide range of applications rely on the ability to integrate electrically conductive microstructures with microfluidic channels. To bypass the planar geometric restrictions of conventional microfabrication processes, researchers have recently explored the use of “Direct Laser Writing (DLW)”—a submicron‐scale additive manufacturing (or “3D printing”) technology—for creating conductive microfeatures with fully 3D configurations. Despite considerable progress in the development of DLW‐compatible photomaterials, thermal post‐processing requirements to support electrical conductivity remain a critical barrier to microfluidics integration. In this work, novel graphene‐laden photocomposites are investigated to enable DLW‐based printing of true 3D conductive microstructures directly inside of enclosed microchannels (i.e., in situ). Photoreactive composite materials comprising reduced graphene oxide (rGO) particle concentrations of up to 10 wt% exhibited high compatibility with DLW, with minimal optical interference at critical wavelengths. Developed rGO‐photocomposites revealed an ultimate DC conductivity of 9.85 ± 0.48 × 10−5 S m−1. Experimental results for DLW of 3D microcoils (1 wt% rGO; wire diameter = 10 µm; coil diameter = 40 µm) revealed an impedance of 2.71 ± 0.12 MΩ at 2 MHz. In addition, results for in situ DLW of geometrically sophisticated rGO‐laden microstructures suggest utility of the presented approach for potential 3D microelectronics‐based microfluidic applications.
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