The Effect of Bile Acid on Lipid and Nitrogen Retention, Carcass Composition, and Dietary Metabolizable Energy in Very Young Chicks ,

Polin, D.; Hussein, T. H.

doi:10.3382/ps.0611697

Cited by 56 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These correspond temporally with the changes in lipid digestion reported for the young chick (Freeman, 1976;Gomez and Polin, 1976;Katongole and March, 1980;Polin and Hussein, 1982;Krogdahl, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Katongole and March (1980) have shown that utilisation of fat increased until the chicks were about 6 weeks old and that the concentration of fatty acid-binding protein in the intestine increased from two until 6 weeks of age. This increase was greater when bile acids were included in the diet indicating 353 354 p. IÑARREA et al that the absorptive mechanisms for lipid and protein are not fully developed in the young chick (Polin and Hussein, 1982). Krogdahl (1985) reported that changes in the bile acid concentration, bile acid secretion, and lipase concentration in the proximal jejunum of chicks occurred during the first few weeks of age, and concluded that bile acid secretion is the limiting factor in lipid digestion after hatching.…”

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confidence: 96%

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Changes in the concentration and composition of biliary and serum bile acids in the young domestic fowl

Iñarrea

Simón

Manzano

et al. 1989

British Poultry Science

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1. Concentrations of biliary and serum bile acids, their molecular compositions and serum cholesterol concentrations were determined in chicks at 2, 3, 4 and 6 weeks of age. 2. The concentration of biliary bile acid was maximal at 3 to 4 weeks, decreasing by 6 weeks of age. 3. The serum concentration of bile acid was maximal at three weeks of age. 4. Serum total cholesterol increased from two weeks and was maximal at 6 weeks of age. 5. Chenodeoxycholic acid was the predominant biliary unconjugated bile acid. 6. Tauro-chenodeoxycholic acid and tauro-cholic acid were the dominant molecular species of biliary and serum conjugated bile acid.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Changes in the concentration and composition of biliary and serum bile acids in the young domestic fowl

Iñarrea

Simón

Manzano

et al. 1989

British Poultry Science

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“…NS, not significant; P> 005. Eriksson, 1974;Polin and Hussein, 1982;Laurin et al, 1985;Hartel, 1986;Fisher and McNab, 1987;Murakami et al, 1992), probably caused by its effect in improving the digestibility of fat (Polin and Hussein, 1982;Laurin et al, 1985;Hartel, 1986;Fisher and McNab, 1987;Murakami et al, 1992) and carbohydrates (Hakansson and Eriksson, 1974;Hartel, 1986;Carre, 1993). The lack of a positive effect of age on dietary AME n in the present study was also confirmed by its lack of effect on the RR of starch and fat (Tables 5 and 7).…”

Section: >6mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Feeding of the diets involved in the AME n evaluation started at 6 or 7 d of age in all of the determinations. Age of the birds, particularly during the first 3 weeks of life, has a marked effect on the development of the digestive organs, on their enzyme activities, and in increasing the utilisation of dietary nutrients (Renner and Hill, 1960;Zelenka, 1968;Hakansson and Eriksson, 1974;Polin and Hussein, 1982;Laurin et al, 1985;Krogdahl and Sell, 1989;Nitsan et al, I99la,b;Murakami et al, 1992;Carre, 1993). The determinations of dietary AME n in our study were conducted by substitution of maize for the entire diet according to Matterson et al (1965); this resulted in the formulation of 2 extremely different diets, the reference high protein-low energy (HPLE) diet and the test low protein-high energy (LPHE) diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Differential effect of age on metabolisable energy content of high protein‐low energy and low protein‐high energy diets in young broiler chicks¹

Bartov

1995

British Poultry Science

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1. An experiment was carried out with 6-d old male broiler chicks in an attempt to understand better the effect of age on dietary AMEn of high protein-low energy (HPLE) and low protein-high energy (LPHE) diets which are used in the determination of the AMEn content of grains when substituted for the entire diet. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design in which the effects of 2 diets (HPLE-reference and LPHE-test, containing maize) on food intake, faecal excretion, dietary AMEn and the utilisation of the nutrients were evaluated in 3 age periods (A = 11-13, B = 15-17 and C = 20-22 d of age). 2. Chicks fed on the HPLE diet consumed significantly less food than those fed on the LPHE diet during periods A and B, but not in C. They also produced a significantly larger amount of droppings during periods B and C. Food-to-droppings ratio, which was consistently and significantly lower in chicks fed on the HPLE diet, decreased markedly in period C only in these birds. 3. Absolute and relative retention (RR) of dry matter (DM) and starch, and RR of nitrogen (N) from birds fed on the HPLE diet, were consistently and significantly lower than from those fed on the LPHE diet, but fat retention (absolute and relative) was higher. RR of DM and of N in period C was significantly lower than in periods A and B, while RR of fat and of starch was not affected by age. The effect of age on RR of N was observed only with the HPLE diet. 4. AMEn of the HPLE diet, but not of the LPHE diet, in period C was significantly lower than in periods A and B, resulting in a significant interaction between age and diet and a general reduction with age. The calculated AMEn contents of the maize in periods A and B were essentially the same (14.91 and 14.85 MJ/kg, respectively), and lower than in period C (15.28 MJ/kg). It is concluded, therefore, that because of its effect on AMEn of the HPLE reference diet in chicks older than 17 d, bird age is of considerable importance in the determination of AMEn in grains when substituted for the entire diet.

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“…The factor as shown by Fengler (1986) (1966) found that the enzymatic degradation of tinal microflora which compete with the host animal for nutrients (Moran et al 1969). Fat retention and chick performance have also been shown to be improved when bile salts have been added to rye-containing (Campbell et al 1983a) and corn-containing diets (Polin and Hussein 1982).…”

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confidence: 99%

Improvement in Nutrient Retention and Changes in Excreta Viscosities in Chicks Fed Rye-Containing Diets Supplemented With Fungal Enzymes, Sodium Taurocholate and Penicillin

Fengler¹,

Pawlik²,

Marquardt³

1988

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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FpNcI-rn, A. L, Paux, J. R. eNo Mnnquenor, R.R. 198g. Improvement in nutrient retention and changes in excreta viscosities in chicks fed rye-containing diets supplemented with fungal enzymes, sodium taurocholate and pencillin. can. J. Anim.Sci. 68: 483-491.Three feeding experiments were performed with chicks to study the effects of supplementing sodium taurocholate, penicillin and a crude fungal enzyme preparation, Trichoderma viride celhtlase (T.v. cellulase), in rye-and wheat-based diets on the viscosity of water extracts of feed and excreta and on nutrient retention. Sodium taurocholate had no effect (P> 0.05) on the viscosity of extracts of the diet or excreta but slightly improved fat retention (P<0.05) in chicks fed a rye-containing diet. penicillin treatment had no direct effect on the viscous component in rye, but increased (p<0.05) fecal viscosity and fat retention in chicks fed rye-containing diets. T.v. cellulase produced the most dramatic results among the treatments increasing (p<0.05) fat and dry matter retention by 72 and 5 percentage units, respectively, in the rye-fed birds, but had no effect (P>0.05) on these parameters when added to a wheat-based diet. Also, T.v. cellulase dramatically reduced excreta viscosity which was different to the effect of sodium taurocholate and opposite to the effect obtained with penicillin. An in vitro study also tested five crude enzyme preparations of widely diverse origin. T.v. cellulase was by far the most efficient viscosity-reducing enzyme and as i result was selected for the animal studies. In conclusion, penicillin, crude fungal enzyme, and sodium taurocholate additions to a rye-based diet increased, decreased or had no effect on excreta viscosities, respectively, but in all cases increased fat retention. They therefore probably have different mechanisms of action.

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The Effect of Bile Acid on Lipid and Nitrogen Retention, Carcass Composition, and Dietary Metabolizable Energy in Very Young Chicks ,

Cited by 56 publications

References 19 publications

Changes in the concentration and composition of biliary and serum bile acids in the young domestic fowl

Changes in the concentration and composition of biliary and serum bile acids in the young domestic fowl

Differential effect of age on metabolisable energy content of high protein‐low energy and low protein‐high energy diets in young broiler chicks¹

Improvement in Nutrient Retention and Changes in Excreta Viscosities in Chicks Fed Rye-Containing Diets Supplemented With Fungal Enzymes, Sodium Taurocholate and Penicillin

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The Effect of Bile Acid on Lipid and Nitrogen Retention, Carcass Composition, and Dietary Metabolizable Energy in Very Young Chicks ,

Cited by 56 publications

References 19 publications

Changes in the concentration and composition of biliary and serum bile acids in the young domestic fowl

Changes in the concentration and composition of biliary and serum bile acids in the young domestic fowl

Differential effect of age on metabolisable energy content of high protein‐low energy and low protein‐high energy diets in young broiler chicks1

Improvement in Nutrient Retention and Changes in Excreta Viscosities in Chicks Fed Rye-Containing Diets Supplemented With Fungal Enzymes, Sodium Taurocholate and Penicillin

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Differential effect of age on metabolisable energy content of high protein‐low energy and low protein‐high energy diets in young broiler chicks¹