The Effect of Bioactive Glass-Enhanced Orthodontic Bonding Resins on Prevention of Demineralization: A Systematic Review

Abstract

At present, bioactive glasses (BAGs) are demonstrating promising results in the remineralization of hard tissues. Their bioactive properties can potentially overcome the demineralization effect accompanying orthodontic treatment. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bioactive glass enhanced orthodontic bonding resins on enamel remineralization, in addition to their antibacterial, ion release and acid neutralization effect. Four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched. Two hundred and fifty-one full-text articles were screened independently, out of which seven studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Quality appraisal was performed by two independent reviewers. Methodologies used to assess the anti-demineralization effect included Micro-Computed Tomography, Polarized Light Microscopy and Hardness Testing (Knoop and Berkovich). All seven articles confirmed the superior remineralization effect of BAG orthodontic bonding resins compared to their non-BAG counterparts. A proportional relationship was proved between BAG concentrations and increased anti-demineralization effect. The addition of antibacterial agents to BAG does not necessarily improve its anti-demineralization effect. Although studies have confirmed the effectiveness of BAG orthodontic bonding resins on enamel remineralization, there was a degree of heterogeneity across studies due to the lack of an in vitro studies standardized protocol.

Resin-Based Sealant with Bioactive Glass and Zwitterionic Material for Remineralisation and Multi-Species Biofilm Inhibition

“…In this study, BAG+MPC groups had Ca 2+ , SiO 3 2− , BO 3 3− , and PO 4 3− ion releases that were significantly higher than those of the control groups. Moreover, bioactive materials, such as BAG or MPC, possess acid-neutralising capacities in a cariogenic environment, which could inhibit caries and enhance the remineralising capabilities in marginal gaps [20,21]. The results confirmed the bioactive properties of the novel RBS in the present study, which can provide important insights in suppressing demineralisation and promoting the remineralisation of the tooth.…”

“…BAG, a bioactive material introduced in 1971, has been used to promote enamel remineralisation [19]. The potential remineralising effect of BAG has attracted much attention due to its ability to release calcium and phosphate ions [18,20,40]. On the other hand, MPC is a zwitterionic material with a molecular structure optimised for antifouling [25,28,29].…”

“…Bioactive glass (BAG) is a class of biomaterial normally based on amorphous silicate compounds [18,19]. Among these, 45S5 BAG is widely known for remineralising tooth structure [20]. Previous studies exhibited the significantly higher calcium and phosphate ion release and buffering capacity of BAG-containing dental materials, which promote remineralisation and suppress demineralisation [21].…”

The Antibacterial Effects of Resin-Based Dental Sealants: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies

“…The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by three independent reviewers (S.S.A, M.S.A and M.S.I.). The assessment tool was adapted from previously published scoping and systematic reviews [ 25 , 26 ]. Studies with one to three “Yes” only were considered to have a low risk of bias.…”

Evaluation the properties of orthodontic adhesive incorporated with nano-hydroxyapatite particles

“…Composite adhesive is the first choice for bonding orthodontic brackets ( Sodagar et al, 2017 ). Demineralization around the bracket continues to be a concern point for orthodontists ( Twomley et al, 2019 , Alamri et al, 2020 ).…”