The effect of birth weight on the estimated milk intake, growth and body composition of sow-reared piglets

Campbell, R. G.; Dunkin, A. C.

doi:10.1017/s0003356100027355

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Birth weight in pigs has been linked to differences in both growth rate and body composition. Low birth weight pigs exhibit a 15 % to 30 % lower growth rate (compared to medium and high birth weight pigs) in the 1st month of postnatal life (Campbell & Dunkin 1982, Wolter et al 2002, Poore & Fowden 2004, Gondret et al 2005, Škorjanc et al 2007. Based on chemical analysis of the whole body at birth, Rehfeldt & Kuhn (2006) reported that low birth weight pigs have less fat and protein and more water than their littermates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of changes in body composition of piglets from birth to 4 kg using quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR)*

Mitchell

Ramsay

Scholz³

2012

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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The purpose of this study was to use quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) to measure changes in the body composition of piglets during growth from birth to 4 kg body weight. Using QMR, 60 pigs were scanned an average of 5 times starting at 2.7±1.3 days of age (1.95 kg) and finally at 13.1±4.3 days (4.14 kg). Regression analysis revealed that the rates of total body growth and fat and lean deposition were linear throughout this period. Subsequently, a second group of 235 pigs (109 males and 126 females) were scanned twice, first at 2.7±1.2 days of age and then at 13.4±3.1 days of age. The mean (±SD) rate of total body growth was 230±57 g/day. The rates of fat and lean deposition were 40±13 g/day and 191±52 g/day, respectively. The rates of both fat and lean deposition were highly correlated (P<0.001) with total body growth rate (R 2 =0.81 and 0.93, respectively) and the coefficient of determination between the rates of fat and lean deposition was 0.71 (P<0.001). The results of this study demonstrate that QMR is a useful method for measuring changes in body composition in neonatal pigs. Furthermore, the results indicate that during the period of growth from birth to 4 kg, the rates of both fat and lean deposition are linear and highly correlated with total body growth.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of changes in body composition of piglets from birth to 4 kg using quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR)*

Mitchell

Ramsay

Scholz³

2012

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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“…Weaning weight is positively correlated to birth weight with LBW piglets still exhibiting a lower BW at weaning than their counterparts with a MBW (equivalent to the mean litter BW) or a HBW (more than 1.9 kg). Compared with MBW or HBW piglets, LBW piglets exhibit a lower growth rate (15% to 30%) in the 1st month of postnatal life (Campbell and Dunkin, 1982;Wolter et al, 2002;Poore and Fowden, 2004a;Gondret et al, 2005 and. During the first 3 weeks of suckling, it has been shown that milk intake per unit BW is similar in the two groups even though LBW piglets consume less milk per suckle than MBW piglets (Campbell and Dunkin, 1982).…”

Section: Growth In Low Birth Weight Pigletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with MBW or HBW piglets, LBW piglets exhibit a lower growth rate (15% to 30%) in the 1st month of postnatal life (Campbell and Dunkin, 1982;Wolter et al, 2002;Poore and Fowden, 2004a;Gondret et al, 2005 and. During the first 3 weeks of suckling, it has been shown that milk intake per unit BW is similar in the two groups even though LBW piglets consume less milk per suckle than MBW piglets (Campbell and Dunkin, 1982). The higher birth weight piglets tend to select the anterior teats (Hartsock et al, 1977) that are easier for milk extraction.…”

Section: Growth In Low Birth Weight Pigletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and development of adipose tissue and gut and related endocrine status during early growth in the pig: impact of low birth weight

Morise

Louveau

Huërou‐Luron

2008

Animal

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With genetic selection, the increase in litter size has led to higher variation in within-litter birth weights in pigs. This has been associated with a reduction in mean birth weights and a rise in the proportion of piglets weighing less than 1 kg at birth. Low birth weight pigs exhibit lower postnatal growth rates and feed efficiency, which may be explained by an inadequate digestion and/or nutrient use as a consequence of prenatal undernutrition. It is now documented that there is a relationship between birth weight and subsequent pattern of growth and development of tissues and organs. During the neonatal period, the rapid somatic growth is accompanied by tremendous anatomical, physiological and chemical composition changes. The present review focuses primarily on the influence of low birth weight on adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract growth and development during the suckling period. The importance of the somatotropic axis, insulin, thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, epidermal growth factor and leptin in the regulation of these developmental processes is also considered.

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“…These may both contribute to the reduced birth weight and poorer subsequent performance of progeny of primiparous pigs (first pregnancy, gilts) compared with multiparous pigs (sows), since fetal growth and birth weight predict neonatal survival and postnatal growth and metabolism in pigs, as in other species (Winters et al 1947, Fahmy & Bernard 1971, Campbell & Dunkin 1982, Wigmore & Stickland 1983, Dwyer et al 1993. Multiple factors can restrict fetal growth and birth weight in pigs; competing maternal demands in growing adolescent animals, large and variable litter size, and restricted maternal nutrition used in commercial pig production systems during pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses to maternal GH or ractopamine during early–mid pregnancy are similar in primiparous and multiparous pregnant pigs

Gatford

Blasio

Roberts

et al. 2009

Journal of Endocrinology

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Fetal growth is restricted in primiparous pigs (gilts) compared with dams who have had previous pregnancies (sows), as in other species. In gilts, daily maternal porcine GH (pGH) injections from day 25 to 50 of pregnancy (term w115 day) increase fetal growth and progeny muscularity, and responses in sows are unknown. Whether feeding the b 2 -adrenergic agonist ractopamine during this period increases progeny growth rates in either parity and fetal responses in gilts, have not been investigated. We hypothesised that fetal and placental growth and fetal muscle development would be increased more by maternal pGH and/or ractopamine during early-mid pregnancy in gilts than sows, since fetal growth is restricted in gilts causing lower birth weights. Large White! Landrace gilts and sows were injected daily with water (controls) or pGH (w15 mg/kg per day), or were fed 20 ppm ractopamine, between day 25 and 50 of pregnancy. Maternal pGH increased litter average fetal weight (11%, PZ0 . 007) and length (3%, PZ0 . 022), but not placental weight, at day 50 of pregnancy, irrespective of parity, and had the greatest effects in the heaviest fetuses of each litter. Maternal ractopamine increased average fetal weight (9%, PZ0 . 018), but not length. Muscle fiber diameter was increased by pGH in heavy littermates and by ractopamine in median littermates. Similar fetal growth responses to pGH and ractopamine in gilts and sows suggest that these hormones increase fetal nutrient availability similarly in both parities. We therefore predict that sustained pGH treatment will increase progeny birth weight, postnatal growth and survival, in both sows and gilts.

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The effect of birth weight on the estimated milk intake, growth and body composition of sow-reared piglets

Cited by 39 publications

References 12 publications

Measurement of changes in body composition of piglets from birth to 4 kg using quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR)*

Measurement of changes in body composition of piglets from birth to 4 kg using quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR)*

Growth and development of adipose tissue and gut and related endocrine status during early growth in the pig: impact of low birth weight

Responses to maternal GH or ractopamine during early–mid pregnancy are similar in primiparous and multiparous pregnant pigs

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