The Effect of Bone Ash on the Physio-Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Clay Ceramic Bricks

Bih, Numfor Linda; Mahamat, Assia Aboubakar; Chinweze, Chukwuemeka; Ayeni, Olugbenga; Bidossèssi, Hounkpè Jechonias; Onwualu, Azikiwe Peter; Boakye, Emmanuel E.

doi:10.3390/buildings12030336

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Generally, the contents of all the oxides detected are within the ranges found for most domestic animals by different investigators (Bih et al, 2022;Yessimbekove et al, 2023).…”

Section: Characterization Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Animal Bone Ash Catalyzed Upgrading of Mango Seed Oil into Biodiesel through Heterogeneous Transesterification

Galadima,

Lawal,

Muhammad

et al. 2023

IJSGS

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Biodiesel production via catalytic transesterification of non-edible oils derived from plants is one of the priority areas considered by researchers as an approach to reduce the over-dependence on fossil fuels. However, the development of most appropriate catalyst system is still under investigation. The current study therefore investigated the potentials of bone ashes derived from cow, camel and goat as catalytic materials for upgrading mango seed oils into biodiesel under a range of reaction conditions. Irrespective of the bone ash type, the XRF data revealed the presence of CaO, P2O5, SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, MgO, TiO2 and Fe2O3. Among the nine oxides, CaO and P2O5 were found to play a competitive role during the upgrading reaction. However, reactions influenced by active basic sites in CaO were very favourable and accounted for the production of high biodiesel yields reaching maximum at ~94.5%. Further studies on properties characterization showed the produced methyl esters to have properties in line with those approved internationally for the designing of B100 and other grades of biodiesel.

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“…Generally, the contents of all the oxides detected are within the ranges found for most domestic animals by different investigators (Bih et al, 2022;Yessimbekove et al, 2023).…”

Section: Characterization Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Animal Bone Ash Catalyzed Upgrading of Mango Seed Oil into Biodiesel through Heterogeneous Transesterification

Galadima,

Lawal,

Muhammad

et al. 2023

IJSGS

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“…As seen from Figure 4 and the information listed in Table 4 , all clay samples showed a broad absorption band at ~3432 cm −1 and a weak band at ~1629 cm −1 which could be assigned to the absorbed water [ 63 ]. The bands located around ~3432, ~3624, and ~3696 cm −1 were characteristic of OH group vibration elongation whereas the band ~2355 cm −1 could correspond to the presence of atmospheric CO 2 in the samples [ 68 ]. The IR bands at ~1111 and ~1035 cm −1 were attributed to Si–O stretching out-of-plane and Si–O stretching in-plane, respectively, while the band at ~908 cm −1 suggested the presence of an Al–OH–Al functional group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanomaterials 2022, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 12 of 19 cm −1 were characteristic of OH group vibration elongation whereas the band ~2355 cm −1 could correspond to the presence of atmospheric CO2 in the samples [68]. The IR bands at ~1111 and ~1035 cm −1 were attributed to Si-O stretching out-of-plane and Si-O stretching in-plane, respectively, while the band at ~908 cm -1 suggested the presence of an Al-OH-Al functional group.…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Study of Nano-Clay and Its Effectiveness in Radiation Protection against X-rays

et al. 2022

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With the increasing applications of nuclear technology, radiation protection has become very important especially for the environment and the personnel close to radiation sources. Natural clays can be used potentially for shielding the X-ray radiations. In this study, the correlation between structural parameters and radiation shielding performance of natural clay extracted from Algerian Sahara (Adrar, Reggan, and Timimoune) was investigated. Phase composition and structural parameters (lattice parameters, average crystallite size, and microstrain) were determined by the Rietveld refinements of X-ray diffraction patterns in the frame of HighScore Plus software. The obtained results showed that the studied clays are nanocrystalline (nano-clay) since the calculated crystallite size was ≈3 nm for the feldspar phase. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of all phases already detected by XRD analysis besides Biotite (around the band at 3558 cm−1). The remaining bands corresponded to absorbed and adsorbed water (3432 cm−1 and 1629 cm−1, respectively) and atmospheric CO2 (2356 cm−1). The shielding properties (mass absorption coefficient—µ/ρ and radiative attenuation rate—RA) for (green-yellow, green, and red) clays of Adrar, (red, white, and white-red) clays of Reggan, and red clay of Timimoune at same energy level were examined. The results of clay samples were compared with each other. The obtained results indicated that the green clay of Adrar exhibited the superior radiation shielding, i.e., 99.8% and 243.4 cm2/g for radiative attenuation rate and mass absorption coefficient, respectively.

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“…Phosphorus compounds are an important kind of chemical mineral raw material. In the ceramic industry, bone ceramics and bioactive glass ceramics are often produced by adding phosphorus compounds such as calcium phosphate [ 17 ], apatite [ 18 ], and bone ash [ 19 ] to enhance the appearance of ceramic products. Among them, apatite is divided into fluorapatite, chlorapatite, and hydroxyapatite according to its different binding anions [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Application of Apatite–TiO2 Composite Opacifier: Preventing Titanium Glaze Yellowing through Pre-Combination

Bai,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Materials

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In order to enhance the degree of binding reaction of TiO2 in titanium-containing ceramic glazes and prevent the reaction of its transformation into rutile to eliminate the yellowing phenomenon of the glaze surface, an apatite–TiO2 composite opacifier (ATO) was prepared through the mechanical grinding of hydroxyapatite and anatase TiO2. The properties, opacification mechanism, and yellowing inhibition of the prepared ceramic glazes were studied. The results show that the ATO is characterized by a uniform coating of TiO2 on the surface of the apatite and the formation of close chemical bonding between the apatite and TiO2. The ceramic glaze surface when using an ATO has a white appearance and excellent opacification performance. When an ATO was used, the L*, a*, and b* values of the glaze were 89.99, −0.85, and 3.37, respectively, which were comparable to those of a ZrSiO4 glaze (L*, a*, and b* were 88.24, −0.02, and 2.29, respectively). The opacification of the glaze was slightly lower than that of the TiO2 glaze (L* value was 92.13), but the appearance changed from yellow to the white of the TiO2 glaze (b* value was 9.18). The ceramic glaze layer when using an ATO mainly consists of titanite, glass phase, and a small amount of quartz, and the opacification mechanism is the crystallization of the generated titanite. ATOs can play an active role in solving the critical problem that arises when TiO2 replaces ZrSiO4 as an opacifier.

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The Effect of Bone Ash on the Physio-Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Clay Ceramic Bricks

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Animal Bone Ash Catalyzed Upgrading of Mango Seed Oil into Biodiesel through Heterogeneous Transesterification

Animal Bone Ash Catalyzed Upgrading of Mango Seed Oil into Biodiesel through Heterogeneous Transesterification

Structural Study of Nano-Clay and Its Effectiveness in Radiation Protection against X-rays

Preparation and Application of Apatite–TiO2 Composite Opacifier: Preventing Titanium Glaze Yellowing through Pre-Combination

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