The effect of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on cancer treatment

Lee, Kassidy; Blanton, Cynthia

doi:10.1177/02601060231153428

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…2. Amino acids (aa): In a 2023 review of supplementation with branched-chain amino acids in individuals undergoing oncology treatment, two studies were found with disparate results (decreased malnutrition during or post-chemotherapy in one, while in the other, a possible increase in tumor growth) [39]. Therefore, there is not enough evidence regarding a supplementation.…”

Section: Specific Nutritional Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SEOM clinical guidelines for cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (2023)

Soria Rivas,

Escobar Álvarez,

Blasco Cordellat

et al. 2024

Clin Transl Oncol

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Cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS) is a debilitating condition afflicting up to 80% of advanced-stage cancer patients. Characterized by progressive weight loss, muscle wasting, and metabolic abnormalities, CACS significantly compromises patients’ quality of life and treatment outcomes. This comprehensive review navigates through its intricate physiopathology, elucidating its stages and diagnostic methodologies. CACS manifests in three distinct stages: pre-cachexia, established cachexia, and refractory cachexia. Early detection is pivotal for effective intervention and is facilitated by screening tools, complemented by nutritional assessments and professional evaluations. The diagnostic process unravels the complex interplay of metabolic dysregulation and tumor-induced factors contributing to CACS. Management strategies, tailored to individual patient profiles, encompass a spectrum of nutritional interventions. These include dietary counseling, oral nutritional supplements, and, when necessary, enteral nutrition and a judicious use of parenteral nutrition. Specific recommendations for caloric intake, protein requirements, and essential nutrients address the unique challenges posed by CACS. While pharmacological agents like megestrol acetate may be considered, their use requires careful evaluation of potential risks. At its core, this review underscores the imperative for a holistic and personalized approach to managing CACS, integrating nutritional interventions and pharmacological strategies based on a nuanced understanding of patient’s condition.

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Section: Specific Nutritional Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SEOM clinical guidelines for cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (2023)

Soria Rivas,

Escobar Álvarez,

Blasco Cordellat

et al. 2024

Clin Transl Oncol

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“…Another investigation suggested positive associations between higher dietary intake of BCAAs and the risk of all-cause mortality in CRC patients ( 77 ). Considering the contradictions in this area, further studies are needed to confirm these results, identify underlying mechanisms, and caution should be exercised when supplementing BCAAs in individuals with cancer ( 87 ).…”

Section: Therapeutic Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branched-chain amino acids catabolism and cancer progression: focus on therapeutic interventions

Xu,

Ji,

Jin

et al. 2023

Front. Oncol.

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Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including valine, leucine, and isoleucine, are crucial amino acids with significant implications in tumorigenesis across various human malignancies. Studies have demonstrated that altered BCAA metabolism can influence tumor growth and progression. Increased levels of BCAAs have been associated with tumor growth inhibition, indicating their potential as anti-cancer agents. Conversely, a deficiency in BCAAs can promote tumor metastasis to different organs due to the disruptive effects of high BCAA concentrations on tumor cell migration and invasion. This disruption is associated with tumor cell adhesion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion. Furthermore, BCAAs serve as nitrogen donors, contributing to synthesizing macromolecules such as proteins and nucleotides crucial for cancer cell growth. Consequently, BCAAs exhibit a dual role in cancer, and their effects on tumor growth or inhibition are contingent upon various conditions and concentrations. This review discusses these contrasting findings, providing valuable insights into BCAA-related therapeutic interventions and ultimately contributing to a better understanding of their potential role in cancer treatment.

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“…The growing tumor obtains BCAAs from the circulation or the tissues surrounding it. Positive association between elevated plasma BCAAs and the risk of colorectal adenoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma are reported in human patients but controversial in animal studies (61)(62)(63)(64)(65). High plasma concentrations of BCAAs, due to disruption in BCAA metabolism, or dietary supplementation with BCAAs, are associated with delayed onset of lymphoma, or suppression of breast cancer in mice (63,64).…”

Section: Bcaas Support Cancer Growth But They Are Also Essential For ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk between arginine, glutamine, and the branched chain amino acid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment

et al. 2023

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Arginine, glutamine, and the branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are a focus of increased interest in the field of oncology due to their importance in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), these amino acids serve to support the elevated biosynthetic and energy demands of cancer cells, while simultaneously maintaining the growth, homeostasis, and effector function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. To escape immune destruction, cancer cells utilize a variety of mechanisms to suppress the cytotoxic activity of effector T cells, facilitating T cell exhaustion. One such mechanism is the ability of cancer cells to overexpress metabolic enzymes specializing in the catabolism of arginine, glutamine, and the BCAAs in the TME. The action of such enzymes supplies cancer cells with metabolic intermediates that feed into the TCA cycle, supporting energy generation, or providing precursors for purine, pyrimidine, and polyamine biosynthesis. Armed with substantial metabolic flexibility, cancer cells redirect amino acids from the TME for their own advantage and growth, while leaving the local infiltrating effector T cells deprived of essential nutrients. This review addresses the metabolic pressure that cancer cells exert over immune cells in the TME by up-regulating amino acid metabolism, while discussing opportunities for targeting amino acid metabolism for therapeutic intervention. Special emphasis is given to the crosstalk between arginine, glutamine, and BCAA metabolism in affording cancer cells with metabolic dominance in the TME.

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The effect of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on cancer treatment

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

SEOM clinical guidelines for cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (2023)

SEOM clinical guidelines for cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (2023)

Branched-chain amino acids catabolism and cancer progression: focus on therapeutic interventions

Crosstalk between arginine, glutamine, and the branched chain amino acid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment

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