The Effect Of Break Mechanisms On Gelling Agent Residue And Flow Impairment In 20/40 Mesh Sand

Almond, S.W.; Bland, W.E.; Ripley, H.E.

doi:10.2118/84-35-30

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The reports of Ayoub et al showed that filter cake is dense and insoluble, which is formed dynamically on the fracturing face through leak-off. The concentration of galactomannan within a filter cake can range from 10 to 25 times of the concentration of fracturing fluids. , Hence, the guar gum degrading bacterial strains have the potential to remediate the fracturing fluid damage caused by filter cake.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Guar Gum Degrading Bacteria in Microbial Remediation of Guar-Based Fracturing Fluid Damage

Wang

et al. 2017

Energy Fuels

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Microbial remediation of fracturing fluid damage is for the first time to be presented in this paper. One guar gum degrading bacterial strain, Bacillus sonorensis, numbered by XSJ, was isolated from oilfield produced water and identified through 16S rDNA. The characterizations show that strain XSJ is mesophilic, alkalophilic, facultative, and halophilic, which is suitable for the reservoir environment. In addition, the guar gum degrading performance of this strain was investigated through apparent viscosity of the guar gum solution, the average molecular weight of guar gum, and gas chromatography. Besides, the degrading performance of insoluble residue of guar gum was analyzed through the measurement of particle size distribution using a laser particle size analyzer and total weight of insoluble residue using a weighing method. Finally, a kind of sand-pack column was designed to determine the recovery of permeability. The results indicate the following: (1) Bacillus sonorensis can efficiently degrade guar-based fracturing fluids to less than 5.0 mPa·s of apparent viscosity and 50 000 average molecular weight. (2) The bacterial strain can decrease the average particle size of insoluble residue from 105.56 to 72.40 μm and total weight of insoluble residue with the microbial degradation rate of 25.30%. (3) This strain can improve effectively the permeability of sand-pack column (max 90.32%) in laboratory simulation experiments. In conclusion, it is believed that the microbial remediation seems to be a new approach for remediation of guar-based fracturing fluid damage and has great potential in oilfield application.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of galactomannan within a filter cake can range from 10 to 25 times of the concentration of fracturing fluids. 46,47 Hence, the guar gum degrading bacterial strains have the potential to remediate the fracturing fluid damage caused by filter cake. 3.3.1.…”

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confidence: 99%

Application of Guar Gum Degrading Bacteria in Microbial Remediation of Guar-Based Fracturing Fluid Damage

Wang

et al. 2017

Energy Fuels

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“…There are three main types of most widely used breakers: oxidizers, acids, and enzymes. Many factors can affect the performance of the breaking agents, such as the type of breaker and loading, temperature, time, polymer content, and liquid or solid state of the breaking agent (Almond and Bland 1984;Gulbis et al 1992; Brannon and Tjon-Joe-Pin 1994; Reinicke et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Post-Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback Cleanup Utilizing Polymer Content Determination in Flowback Liquid Samples

Alali

Al-Anazi

Aziz

et al. 2016

SPE Europec Featured at 78th EAGE Conference and Exhibition

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Cross-linked gel hydraulic fracturing fluid can induce high damage in the fracture when left for a long period of time. Any residual gel not produced back reduces the conductivity of the fracture and the well productivity, leading to an extended flowback for cleanup operation, which is not cost-effective.The objective of this study is to assess cleanup operation effectiveness by conducting laboratory testing on the flowback fluid samples from hydraulically fractured wells. These development wells are located in a clastic gas field in Saudi Arabia. This Devonian age reservoir has a range of permeability varying tight rocks of 0.1 md that require stimulation to highly prolific rocks with more than a Darcy that produce naturally. The laboratory analysis technique that was used for assessing the cleanup effectiveness is based on determination of the polymer content in the flowback fracturing fluid with a size exclusion chromatography (SEC). This laboratory technique provides the polymer concentration in the return fluid in a series of samples collected throughout the cleanup operation, and based on its results coupled with the production performance, the polymer strength of the residual fracturing fluids can be inferred. This study shows that the SEC technique is effective in qualitatively determining the polymer concentration trend with the flowback time, to assess the residual polymer content. The results are useful in establishing trends for the effective flowback practices based on different reservoir and fracture characteristics, even if fracturing fluids contain breaking agents. Using the laboratory results to optimize these parameters, formation damage can be minimized and well productivity will be ultimately enhanced.This paper summarizes results from the chemical analyses of the flowback fluids from three gas wells that help establish the basis for the flowback cleanup behavior, matched with the reservoir characteristics, fracturing design, fracturing fluid formulations; and concludes with operational recommendations. This study was conducted for the first time in this field with the goal of optimizing flowback duration and cost, and minimizing formation damage; and thereby enhancing well productivity.

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“…1 Although guar gum derivatives such as HPG, CMHPG have previously been considered to be "cleaner polymers" than natural guar gum, some test results indicate that the resulting damage is about the same for guar gum and guar gum derivatives. [2][3][4][5] A number of alternative fracturing fluids have been developed in an effort to allow fracturing of a well with less formation damage. Nimerick describes a fracturing fluid system with reduced polymer concentration and a buffer system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Nonresidue Polymer-Based Fracturing Fluid

Wang¹,

Qu²

2003

International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractGood fracture conductivity is essential to the success of fracturing operations. It has become an important aspect in the development of fracturing fluid technology. To improve proppant conductivity, fracturing fluid systems with reduced polymer concentration have been developed. While reduced polymer concentration would result in less polymer residue upon polymer broken, the insoluble polymer residue generated from the broken polymer still causes blockage of generated conductive channels and a decrease in the formation production rate. Alternatively, a non-polymer fracturing fluid, i.e., a viscoelastic surfactant system has been developed in an effort to allow fracturing of a well with less formation damage. Although the absence of polymer residue presents fewer problems for fracture clean-up as compared to polymer based fracturing fluids, one disadvantage associated with such viscoelastic system relates to their ineffectiveness when applied to high permeability formations. In addition, the cost of surfactant based fracturing fluids is high. This paper highlights research work of a new polymer based fracturing fluid system. This fracturing fluid system utilizes an innovative polymer that would generate minimal or no residue upon being broken, thereby causing less damage to the formation and proppant bed. Laboratory testing has shown that this fracturing fluid system can provide efficient viscosity with 20 pounds polymer per one thousand gallon at about 200 o F. Stim-Lab testing data of a certain formulation of such fracturing fluid display excellent retained conductivity of proppant bed.

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The Effect Of Break Mechanisms On Gelling Agent Residue And Flow Impairment In 20/40 Mesh Sand

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Application of Guar Gum Degrading Bacteria in Microbial Remediation of Guar-Based Fracturing Fluid Damage

Application of Guar Gum Degrading Bacteria in Microbial Remediation of Guar-Based Fracturing Fluid Damage

Optimization of Post-Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback Cleanup Utilizing Polymer Content Determination in Flowback Liquid Samples

Development of a Nonresidue Polymer-Based Fracturing Fluid

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