“…Prenatal illicit drug use is associated with medical and obstetric complications (Lambert & Bauer, 2012;Metz & Stickrath, 2015), impaired neurodevelopment in prenatally exposed infants (Jaques et al, 2014), and costs related to their prolonged hospitalization (Patrick, Davis, Lehmann, & Cooper, 2015), and child protective services (Ondersma, Simpson, Brestan, & Ward, 2000). Yet, mental health and substance use disorders continue to be unrecognized and undertreated in pregnant women (Connelly et al, 2013;Glasheen, Colpe, Hoffman, & Warren, 2015;Ko, Farr, Dietz, & Robbins, 2012;Vesga-Lopez et al, 2008), irrespective of ongoing screening initiatives (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2016) (Baker et al, 2010;Marais et al, 2011;May et al, 2013;Meyer, Johnston, Crocker, & Heil, 2015).…”