The effect of brief neonatal cryoanesthesia on physical development and adult cognitive function in mice

Janus, Christopher; Golde, Todd E.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.11.010

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…A combination of isoflurane and the local anesthetic Bupivacaine results in a deeper and more stable anesthesia while permitting an isoflurane dose reduction by a factor of 2-3. Different types of anesthesia have been described for neonatal rodents, including cryoanesthesia 31,32 , but one potential inconvenience of cryoanesthesia is its neuroprotective effect (reviewed by 33,34 ), which could complicate the generation of an efficient and reproducible injury. Barbiturate-based anesthesia is considered to have lower efficiency in neonatal mice due to lower levels of serum albumin and body fat than in adults 35,36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord Compression Injury Model

Züchner

Glover

Boulland

2016

JoVE

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) typically causes devastating neurological deficits, particularly through damage to fibers descending from the brain to the spinal cord. A major current area of research is focused on the mechanisms of adaptive plasticity that underlie spontaneous or induced functional recovery following SCI. Spontaneous functional recovery is reported to be greater early in life, raising interesting questions about how adaptive plasticity changes as the spinal cord develops. To facilitate investigation of this dynamic, we have developed a SCI model in the neonatal mouse. The model has relevance for pediatric SCI, which is too little studied. Because neural plasticity in the adult involves some of the same mechanisms as neural plasticity in early life 1 , this model may potentially have some relevance also for adult SCI. Here we describe the entire procedure for generating a reproducible spinal cord compression (SCC) injury in the neonatal mouse as early as postnatal (P) day 1. SCC is achieved by performing a laminectomy at a given spinal level (here described at thoracic levels 9-11) and then using a modified Yasargil aneurysm mini-clip to rapidly compress and decompress the spinal cord. As previously described, the injured neonatal mice can be tested for behavioral deficits or sacrificed for ex vivo physiological analysis of synaptic connectivity using electrophysiological and high-throughput optical recording techniques 1 . Earlier and ongoing studies using behavioral and physiological assessment have demonstrated a dramatic, acute impairment of hindlimb motility followed by a complete functional recovery within 2 weeks, and the first evidence of changes in functional circuitry at the level of identified descending synaptic connections 1 .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord Compression Injury Model

Züchner

Glover

Boulland

2016

JoVE

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“…The mice used in this part of our study were part of additional control cohorts set up for a different experiment, focussing on age-related changes in context- and cue-conditioned fear memories, and none of the data generated by these control cohorts have been published. We (CJ) recently demonstrated that neonatal cryoanesthesia does not affect physical development of mice and their cognitive function in the adulthood [ 25 ]. Ethics statement: Animal protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees at UA, UL, MRI and UF.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Common Phenotype Polymorphism in Mammalian Brains Defined by Concomitant Production of Prolactin and Growth Hormone

et al. 2016

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Pituitary Prolactin (PRL) and Growth Hormone (GH) are separately controlled and sub-serve different purposes. Surprisingly, we demonstrate that extra-pituitary expression in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is coordinated at mRNA and protein levels. However this was not a uniform effect within populations, such that wide inter-individual variation was superimposed on coordinate PRL/GH expression. Up to 44% of individuals in healthy cohorts of mice and rats showed protein levels above the norm and coordinated expression of PRL and GH transcripts above baseline occurred in the amygdala, frontal lobe and hippocampus of 10% of human subjects. High levels of PRL and GH present in post mortem tissue were often presaged by altered responses in fear conditioning and stress induced hyperthermia behavioral tests. Our data define a common phenotype polymorphism in healthy mammalian brains, and, given the pleiotropic effects known for circulating PRL and GH, further consequences of coordinated CNS over-expression may await discovery.

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“…Body temperature has a direct effect on the animal's response to anesthetizing agents, with hypothermia resulting in a deepened plane of anesthesia. 5,71,91 The hypothermic effect is due to decreases in the rate of CNS metabolism and a potential and related decrease in the ability to metabolize particular anesthetics. The minimum alveolar concentration is the concentration of gas vapor in lungs needed to prevent movement in 50% of subjects when given a surgical stimulus; minimum alveolar concentration, as a measure, is used to compare the potency of gas anesthesia.…”

Section: Effects Of Anesthesia On Rodent Thermoregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Rodent Thermoregulation on Animal Models in the Research Environment

et al. 2018

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The thermal biology of laboratory mice encompasses a robust, dynamic, and multifaceted mixture of behavior and physiology. Physical and physiologic adaptations provide the remarkable capacity for mice to survive in temperatures as low as 4 °C and as high as 43 °C. 54,89 Comprehension of these complex systems necessitates a clear definition and solid understanding of the murine thermoneutral zone (TNZ), which is the range of temperatures across which the resting metabolic rate of heat production is at equilibrium with the animal's evaporative heat loss to the surrounding environment. 14,54 Within the TNZ, animals can maintain stable core body temperatures by responsive behaviors, peripheral vessel diameter, and body postures. 54 The overall mouse TNZ is bound by the lower and upper critical temperature limits, beyond which mice must engage in heating or cooling adjustments, respectively; further definition of these critical temperatures is provided in a glossary of terms for thermal physiology. 22 TNZ is determined by body size and weight, morphology, condition, and resting metabolic rate and is particularly narrow in mice, spanning just 1 to 3 °C, because of a large surface-to-volume ratio and meager body insulation (for example, body hair). 54,74,120 These responses to the ambient environment lead to dramatic increases in metabolic rate and alterations in thermal profiles (Figure 1). 14,54 Long-term (chronic) cold-induced exposures for mice often alter experimental results, described across multiple disciplines. 8,10,27,92,118,129 As a result, the biomedical scientific community has asserted the need to account for and better support the thermal biology of mice, 35,40,65,75,92 although dissenting opinions on this matter have been expressed. 127 Unlike many large endotherms, mice do not have stable core temperatures. Their body temperature oscillates over short bursts of approximately 1 °C even within the TNZ. Mice also show circadian fluctuations in their core temperatures and sleep patterns at standard housing temperatures: mice in barren caging conditions at 23.5 °C maintain a core body temperature of 36.2 °C during the light cycle and 37.5 °C during the dark cycle. 48,72 When provided with deep bedding for nesting, light cycle core temperatures increase to an average 37.2 °C, while the dark cycle temperatures remain at 37.5 °C. 48 The mouse's core temperature and related physiologic state should not be attributed to a static number but instead should be viewed as a dynamic value dependent on environmental context. Over many generations of exposure to particular conditions, mice acclimate through the development of anatomic differences based on their rearing temperatures. Mice raised in colder environments grow significantly shorter tails 55 and ears, 4 have longer fur for increased insulation, 4,60 develop larger livers and kidneys 55 and bones, 3 and have larger deposits of brown adipose tissue (BAT) with increased thermogenic capacity. 63,89 The evolutionary strategy of energy conservation through environme...

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The effect of brief neonatal cryoanesthesia on physical development and adult cognitive function in mice

Cited by 16 publications

References 60 publications

A Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord Compression Injury Model

A Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord Compression Injury Model

A Common Phenotype Polymorphism in Mammalian Brains Defined by Concomitant Production of Prolactin and Growth Hormone

Effects of Rodent Thermoregulation on Animal Models in the Research Environment

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