The Effect of Bright Light on Lens Compensation in Chicks

Ashby, Regan; Schaeffel, Frank

doi:10.1167/iovs.09-4689

Cited by 252 publications

(288 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Studies in guinea pigs also demonstrate that the administration of dopamine agonists inhibited the development of form-deprivation myopia, but did not completely arrest the development of lens-induced myopia (Dong et al, 2011). This evidence suggests that two different feedback mechanisms may be involved in the development of form-deprivation myopia and lens-induced refractive errors Ashby & Schaeffel, 2010).…”

Section: Form-deprivation: 113mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Elevated light levels have also been found to slow down the rate of experimental myopia development induced through either form-deprivation or negative lenses in chick eyes, but negative lens-induced eyes eventually compensated fully for the induced defocus at a slower rate (Ashby & Schaeffel, 2010). In contrast, high artificial lighting did not alter the rate or the degree of development of negative lens-induced myopia, but retarded the development of form-deprivation myopia in infant rhesus monkeys suggesting that the mechanism involved in the development of form-deprivation and negative lens-induced myopias are different in rhesus monkeys (Smith et al, 2012;Smith et al, 2013).…”

Section: Light Exposure and Refractive Development In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of guinea pigs also show that dopamine agonists inhibit the development of deprivation myopia, but do not completely arrest the development of lens-induced myopia, suggesting some differences in the signalling pathways associated with lens-induced myopia in different species (Dong et al, 2011). Ashby et al (2010) administered dopamine antagonists to chicks developing experimental myopia under bright illumination to assess whether dopamine pathways mediate the protective effects of bright light in myopia. Dopamine antagonist administration did not cancel out the effect of bright light on lens-induced myopia and partially inhibited the development of form-deprivation myopia in chicks (Ashby & Schaeffel, 2010), suggesting that dopamine can partially explain the effect of bright light on myopia development.…”

Section: Light Exposure and Refractive Development In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ashby et al (2010) administered dopamine antagonists to chicks developing experimental myopia under bright illumination to assess whether dopamine pathways mediate the protective effects of bright light in myopia. Dopamine antagonist administration did not cancel out the effect of bright light on lens-induced myopia and partially inhibited the development of form-deprivation myopia in chicks (Ashby & Schaeffel, 2010), suggesting that dopamine can partially explain the effect of bright light on myopia development.…”

Section: Light Exposure and Refractive Development In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned earlier, dopamine is also thought to play a major role in the control of eye growth; dopamine levels are decreased in form deprived eyes and dopamine agonists inhibit the development of form-deprivation myopia (Stone et al, 1989) and reduce the compensatory ocular growth rate in negative lens-induced myopia (Schmid & Wildsoet, 2004). Dopamine antagonists have also been shown to block the protective effect of clear vision on the development of formdeprivation myopia, but not lens-induced myopia (Nickla & Totonelly, 2011), suggesting that the underlying mechanism may be different (Ashby & Schaeffel, 2010).…”

Section: 42mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Light Exposure and Seasonal Changes on Short-Term and Longer-Term Changes in Axial Length of the Human Eye

Ulaganathan¹

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It is widely accepted that environmental factors play a significant role in regulating eye growth and myopia development. There is also considerable evidence that ambient light exposure is an important environmental risk factor associated with eye growth in children, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Furthermore, animal studies have shown that diurnal variations in ocular components appear to be involved in the mechanisms controlling eye growth. Animal studies also suggest that altering light exposure disrupts normal diurnal variations and can lead to the development of refractive errors. Despite this evidence, the exact role of light exposure and ocular diurnal rhythms in the regulation of human eye growth, and the interaction between these factors is not well understood. Myopia development and progression have been widely documented in young adults and typically occurs due to axial elongation, but there has been limited research examining the potential impact of ambient light exposure upon eye growth and myopia development and progression in young adults.Therefore, this research examined the habitual light exposure patterns in a population of young adult emmetropes and progressing myopes using objective techniques, and assessed the influence of light exposure upon daily axial length variations and longitudinal axial eye growth in this population. The potential association between daily axial length fluctuations and longer-term changes in axial length was also explored.Since there is no consensus on the optimal sampling strategy required for capturing personal objective light exposure measurements, in the first study, we systematically examined the impact of different measurement durations and measurement frequencies upon objective light exposure measures, in order to determine the optimal sampling strategy to reliably capture habitual light exposure patterns of both children (Age: 11 to vi The influence of light exposure and seasons upon the axial length changes in humans 15 years) and young adults (Age: 18 to 30 years). Ambient light exposure data were obtained using a wrist-worn light sensor (Actiwatch 2), which was configured to measure instantaneous light levels every 30 seconds, 24 hours a day for a period of 14 consecutive days in children (n = 30) and young adults (n = 31). Daily time exposed to bright outdoor (>1000 lux) light levels was derived from the raw 14 days of data with 30 second sampling, and was subsequently derived from data re-sampled from 12, 10, 8, 6, 4 and 2 randomly selected measurement days using 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 minute sampling rates. Calculating daily outdoor light exposure time using a lower number of days and coarser sampling frequencies did not significantly alter the mean time spent in bright (outdoor) light. However, a significant increase in measurement variability occurred for outdoor light exposure derived from less than 8 days and from 3 minutes or coarser measurement frequencies in adults, and from less than 8 days and from 4 minutes or coarser...

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Section: Form-deprivation: 113mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Light Exposure and Refractive Development In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Light Exposure and Refractive Development In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Light Exposure and Refractive Development In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 42mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Light Exposure and Seasonal Changes on Short-Term and Longer-Term Changes in Axial Length of the Human Eye

Ulaganathan¹

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Association of Visual Impairment With Economic Development Among Chinese Schoolchildren

Jan

Luo

et al. 2019

JAMA Pediatr

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IMPORTANCE Few studies have reported the association of economic growth with trends of visual impairment in schoolchildren in China or elsewhere. OBJECTIVES To describe 30-year trends and patterns in visual impairment in China and to explore the association between visual impairment and economic development. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this time series analysis of 7 successive cross-sectional surveys from 1985 to 2014, a total of 1 951 084 schoolchildren aged 7 to 18 years from all provinces and autonomous regions of mainland China, excluding Tibet, were studied.

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Dynamic changes in ocular shape during human development and its implications for retina fovea formation

Rasys,

Wegerski,

Trainor

et al. 2023

BioEssays

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The human fovea is known for its distinctive pit‐like appearance, which results from the displacement of retinal layers superficial to the photoreceptors cells. The photoreceptors are found at high density within the foveal region but not the surrounding retina. Efforts to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for these unique features have ruled out cell death as an explanation for pit formation and changes in cell proliferation as the cause of increased photoreceptor density. These findings have led to speculation that mechanical forces acting within and on the retina during development underly the formation of foveal architecture. Here we review eye morphogenesis and retinal remodeling in human embryonic development. Our meta‐analysis of the literature suggests that fovea formation is a protracted process involving dynamic changes in ocular shape that start early and continue throughout most of human embryonic development. From these observations, we propose a new model for fovea development.

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The Effect of Bright Light on Lens Compensation in Chicks

Cited by 252 publications

References 40 publications

The Influence of Light Exposure and Seasonal Changes on Short-Term and Longer-Term Changes in Axial Length of the Human Eye

The Influence of Light Exposure and Seasonal Changes on Short-Term and Longer-Term Changes in Axial Length of the Human Eye

Association of Visual Impairment With Economic Development Among Chinese Schoolchildren

Dynamic changes in ocular shape during human development and its implications for retina fovea formation

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