The Effect of Buckwheat Flowers and Cahaba Vetch Extrafloral Nectaries on Fitness of the Vine Mealybug Parasitoid<i>Anagyrus pseudococci</i>(Hymenotpera: Encyrtidae)

Irvin, Nicola A.; Hoddle, Mark S.

doi:10.1653/024.098.0140

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Extrafloral nectar has also shown great potential for enhancing the performance of parasitoids (e.g. Irvin et al 2014;Jamont, Dubois-Pot & Jaloux 2014;Irvin & Hoddle 2015). While the role of EFN in attracting and supporting parasitoids has been well-established (Heil 2015), few studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of parasitoids on plant reproductive fitness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mutualism between plants and defensive ants was first described by Thomas Belt (1874) and, since that time, many studies have identified food-for-protection mutualisms between ants and plants (reviewed in Bentley 1977a,b;Koptur 1992a;Rosumek et al 2009). In addition to ants, EFN has often been shown to attract and enhance the performance of other predators (Wang et al 2014;Koptur, Jones & Pena 2015) and parasitoids (Irvin et al 2014;Jamont, Dubois-Pot & Jaloux 2014;Irvin & Hoddle 2015). Our knowledge to date suggests that commercial and subsistence growers could strongly benefit from the use of EFN-producing plants, either as primary crops, or as companion plants to attract natural enemies (Bugg & Dutcher 1989;Heil 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of extrafloral nectar in pest management: overcoming context dependence

Jones

Koptur

Wettberg

2016

Journal of Applied Ecology

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1. Extrafloral nectar (EFN) provides plants with indirect defence against herbivores by attracting predatory insects, predominantly ants. Decades of research have supported the role of EFN as an effective plant defence, dating back to Thomas Belt's description of ants on acacia in 1874. 2. Despite this extensive body of literature, knowledge of the ecological role of EFN has rarely been applied in the field of pest management. We review the existing literature on the use of EFN in agriculture and consider the obstacles that have hindered this transition. 3. Chief among these obstacles is the influence of ecological context on the outcome of EFN-mediated interactions. As such, we consider the options for various agricultural systems in the light of the growth habit of EFN-producing species, focusing first on orchard species and then on herbaceous crops. In each case, we highlight the benefits and difficulties of utilizing EFN as a pest management tool and of measuring its efficacy. 4. Synthesis and applications. We argue that it is time for a shift in extrafloral nectar (EFN) research towards applied settings and seek to address the question: How can a context-dependent and often inducible plant trait be utilized as a reliable tool in agricultural pest management? Breeding crops for increased EFN production, and intercropping with EFN-producing plants, can enhance assemblages of beneficial insects in many agricultural settings. Orchard systems, in particular, provide an ecological context in which the attraction of ants can contribute to cost-effective and sustainable pest management programmes over a broad geographic range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of extrafloral nectar in pest management: overcoming context dependence

Jones

Koptur

Wettberg

2016

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…The extrafloral nectaries precede flower development, offering access to nectar for a wide variety of insects (Heneidak & Hassan, 2007;Koptur, 2005). Previous laboratory studies have used buckwheat and/or common vetch in experiments to determine the effects of nectar provisioning on parasitoids (Araj & Wratten, 2015;;Irvin & Hoddle, 2015;Irvin, Pinckard, Perring, & Hoddle, 2014). These plants were chosen for this experiment because of their differing nectar accessibility features (i.e., floral and extrafloral) and the feasibility of incorporating both plant species into future conservation biological control field studies.…”

Section: Plants Used As Nectar Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of floral resources on the efficacy of a primary parasitoid and a facultative hyperparasitoid

Miall

Abram

Cappuccino

et al. 2019

J Applied Entomology

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Resources added to agroecosystems to enhance biological control are potentially available to multiple members of the resident insect community—not only the biological control agents for which the resources are intended. Many studies have examined the effects of sugar feeding on the efficacy of biological control agents. However, such information is lacking for other, interacting species such as facultative hyperparasitoids, which may contribute to pest suppression but can also interfere with introduced biological control agents. Under greenhouse conditions, we tested the direct effects of sugar and nectar provisioning on the longevity, host‐killing impact and offspring production of two pupal parasitoids associated with leek moth, Acrolepiopsis assectella: the introduced biological control agent, Diadromus pulchellus, and the native facultative hyperparasitoid, Conura albifrons. Adding sucrose, buckwheat or a combination of buckwheat and common vetch to a sugar‐deprived system (potted leek plants in cages) increased parasitoid longevity and resulted in higher leek moth parasitism and mortality compared to water or common vetch treatments. However, the two parasitoid species exhibited a distinct temporal response to the treatments, likely influenced by differences in their life histories. This study provides insight into how integrating conservation biological control techniques could affect the success of a classical biological control programme.

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“…These extrafloral nectaries precede flower development, offering access to nectar for a wide variety of insect groups (Koptur, 2005;Heneidak, 2007). Several laboratory studies have previously used buckwheat and/or common vetch in experiments to determine the effects of nectar-provisioning on parasitoids (Araj & Wratten, 2015;Irvin & Hoddle, 2015). These plants were chosen for this experiment because of their differing nectar accessibility features (i.e., floral and extrafloral) and the likeliness that both plant species could be incorporated into future CBC field studies.…”

Section: Plants Used As Nectar Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, one of the main principles behind conservation biological control (CBC) -i.e., the manipulation of habitat to enhance the survival, behaviour and/or efficacy of a natural enemy -is that adding plant diversity provides resources that benefit natural enemies (Barbosa, 1998). Indeed, many studies have shown that adding plant diversity to a system can increase the lifespan of natural enemies, and increase their parasitism levels in the laboratory or greenhouse (Araj et al, 2006;Jamont et al, 2013;Irvin et al, 2014;Irvin et al, 2015) and in the field (see review by Andow, 1991;Leius, 1967;Idris and Grafius, 1995;Tylianakis et al, 2004;Lee and Heimpel, 2005;Berndt et al, 2006;Lee & Heimpel, 2008;Tajmiri et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The parasitoid community associated with the invasive leek moth, Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae): can conservation biological control benefit an introduced classical biological control agent in North America?

Miall¹

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The leek moth is a European pest of Allium spp. established near Ottawa, Ontario, Canada in the early 1990's. Its spread throughout eastern Canada and into the northeastern United States represents the potential for significant economic losses to Allium growers. Using a life-table approach, I aimed to determine if resource supplementation would influence the species composition, relative abundance and hostkilling ability of indigenous parasitic wasps in the leek moth system and the classical biological control agent, Diadromus pulchellus. In greenhouse cages, adding buckwheat to a sugar-deprived system increased the longevity, and parasitism levels of D. pulchellus; however, a similar effect was measured on the facultative hyperparasitoid, Conura albifrons. In the field, the parasitoid species composition was the same in both buckwheat-supplemented and standard leek plots; however, the relative abundance of the parasitoid community differed between the standard and resource-enriched plots. These studies provide insight into how conservation biological control may affect classical biological control. viii

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The Effect of Buckwheat Flowers and Cahaba Vetch Extrafloral Nectaries on Fitness of the Vine Mealybug ParasitoidAnagyrus pseudococci(Hymenotpera: Encyrtidae)

Abstract: BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

The use of extrafloral nectar in pest management: overcoming context dependence

The use of extrafloral nectar in pest management: overcoming context dependence

Effects of floral resources on the efficacy of a primary parasitoid and a facultative hyperparasitoid

The parasitoid community associated with the invasive leek moth, Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae): can conservation biological control benefit an introduced classical biological control agent in North America?

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