The Effect of C02, Sweat, Chemical Vapours and Air on &lt;i&gt;Simulium ornatum&lt;/i&gt;: Implications for Control

Opoku, AA

doi:10.4314/wajae.v13i1.40576

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As in S. ochraceum , but not S. damnosum (Young et al ., ), 1‐octen‐3‐ol was found to be attractive to host‐seeking S. vittatum females. A related study also using a Y‐tube system demonstrated that low concentrations of 1‐octen‐3‐ol are attractive to Simulium ornatum Meigen (Opoku, ), corroborating the findings in S. vittatum reported here. Although 1‐octen‐3‐ol is attractive to numerous families of nematoceran or brachyceran dipterans (Hall et al ., ; Gibson & Torr, ; Bhasin et al ., ; Sant'Anna et al ., ; Birkett et al ., ; Harrup et al ., ), this compound was not attractive to some Nearctic simuliids [ Simulium meridionale Riley and Cnephia pecuarum (Riley)] in comparison with CO 2 alone under field conditions (Atwood & Meisch, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Identification of semiochemicals attractive toSimulium vittatum(IS‐7)

Verocai

McGaha

Iburg

et al. 2016

Medical Vet Entomology

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Many blackfly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) are economically important insect pests, both as nuisance biters and as vectors of pathogens of medical and veterinary relevance. Among the important blackfly pest species in North America is Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt sensu lato. The objective of this study was to identify compounds excreted by mammalian hosts that are attractive to host-seeking S. vittatum females. The attractiveness of putative compounds to colonized S. vittatum was tested through electrophysiological (electroantennography; n = 58 compounds) and behavioural (Y-tube assays; n = 7 compounds in three concentrations) bioassays. Five compounds were significantly attractive to host-seeking S. vittatum females: 1-octen-3-ol; 2-heptanone; acetophenone; 1-octanol, and naphthalene. These candidate compounds might be useful as attractants in traps that could be developed for use in alternative or complementary management tactics in programmes to suppress nuisance blackfly populations, or for the collection of samples in which to study the transmission ecology of pathogens transmitted by blackflies of the S. vittatum complex.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Identification of semiochemicals attractive toSimulium vittatum(IS‐7)

Verocai

McGaha

Iburg

et al. 2016

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…Ornithophilic mosquitoes, for example, are collected most frequently in the highest traps when they are seeking hosts, but in the lowest traps when they are searching for hibernation sites (Service, 1971b). High concentrations of CO 2 can repel some species of biting flies (Bhasin et al , 2000; Opoku, 2008) and thus some species may have been collected in reduced numbers or missed. However, because all traps were baited in the same manner, CO 2 release rates should not have affected the patterns observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial stratification of host‐seeking Diptera in boreal forests of northern Europe

Swanson

Adler

Malmqvist

2011

Medical Vet Entomology

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The stratification of haematophagous Diptera was assessed in two boreal forests in northern Sweden by placing traps baited with carbon dioxide at 1.5 m, 5.0 m and 10.0 m above the ground. More than 40 000 specimens were captured, including 617 biting midges (Ceratopogonidae), 4029 mosquitoes (Culicidae) and 36 092 black flies (Simuliidae). Catches at the various trap heights reflected the general vertical distribution of the preferred hosts, with mammalophilic flies predominating (68.6%) in catches at 1.5 m and ornithophilic flies (42.4%) in catches at 10.0 m; however, most flies that use host birds at ground level were caught in the lowest traps (e.g. 85.1% of Simulium annulus were collected at 1.5 m). Within-species variation in vertical patterns between forests suggests plasticity in responses to environmental factors such as vegetative structure.

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“…The EAG experiments identified a suite of compounds that were neurostimulatory to both vector species, but could not evaluate what type of behavioral response, if any, these stimulatory compounds might elicit. To answer this question, the neurostimulatory compounds were evaluated in a series of choice experiments using a Y-tube olfactometer, to identify which compounds might promote host-seeking behavior in nature [21] . Hexane solutions of octanoic acid (1∶100; 1∶1,000), decanal (1∶100) and acetophenone (1∶100) were found to be significantly attractive to S .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Human Semiochemicals Attractive to the Major Vectors of Onchocerciasis

et al. 2015

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BackgroundEntomological indicators are considered key metrics to document the interruption of transmission of Onchocerca volvulus, the etiological agent of human onchocerciasis. Human landing collection is the standard employed for collection of the vectors for this parasite. Recent studies reported the development of traps that have the potential for replacing humans for surveillance of O. volvulus in the vector population. However, the key chemical components of human odor that are attractive to vector black flies have not been identified.Methodology/Principal FindingsHuman sweat compounds were analyzed using GC-MS analysis and compounds common to three individuals identified. These common compounds, with others previously identified as attractive to other hematophagous arthropods were evaluated for their ability to stimulate and attract the major onchocerciasis vectors in Africa (Simulium damnosum sensu lato) and Latin America (Simulium ochraceum s. l.) using electroantennography and a Y tube binary choice assay. Medium chain length carboxylic acids and aldehydes were neurostimulatory for S. damnosum s.l. while S. ochraceum s.l. was stimulated by short chain aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes. Both species were attracted to ammonium bicarbonate and acetophenone. The compounds were shown to be attractive to the relevant vector species in field studies, when incorporated into a formulation that permitted a continuous release of the compound over time and used in concert with previously developed trap platforms.Conclusions/SignificanceThe identification of compounds attractive to the major vectors of O. volvulus will permit the development of optimized traps. Such traps may replace the use of human vector collectors for monitoring the effectiveness of onchocerciasis elimination programs and could find use as a contributing component in an integrated vector control/drug program aimed at eliminating river blindness in Africa.

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The Effect of C02, Sweat, Chemical Vapours and Air on <i>Simulium ornatum</i>: Implications for Control

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Identification of semiochemicals attractive toSimulium vittatum(IS‐7)

Identification of semiochemicals attractive toSimulium vittatum(IS‐7)

Spatial stratification of host‐seeking Diptera in boreal forests of northern Europe

Identification of Human Semiochemicals Attractive to the Major Vectors of Onchocerciasis

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