The effect of C60 on the ZnO-nanorod surface in organic–inorganic hybrid photovoltaics

Raman scattering and photoluminescence studies of ZnO nanowhiskers assembled as flowers in the presence of fullerene

“…spectroscopy, Raman light scattering and photoluminescence (PL) [5,[13][14][15]. Currently, the three types of composites prepared by the procedures described in Refs.…”

“…Currently, the three types of composites prepared by the procedures described in Refs. [5,[13][14][15] appear as follows: i) films of C 60 physically adsorbed onto ZnO nanoparticles [13]; ii) ZnO nanoparticles with needlelike shapes and rods surrounded by C 60 fragments [14][15][16]; and iii) ZnO nanoparticles hybridized with C 60 as result of a partial electron transfer from ZnO to C 60 , which is highlighted by the change in the vibrational features of C 60 [5]. In light of these studies, this paper highlights the influence of the addition of fullerene during the low-temperature growth method of ZnO nanowhiskers, as revealed by SEM, PL, FTIR and Raman scattering studies.…”

Improved opto-electrical behavior of ZnO/C 60 core/shell type organic–inorganic heterostructure

“…Chen et al reported that the visible emission of ZnO is highly dominated by surface defects which are reduced due to the lesser probability of number of transferred electrons to be trapped at the defect states of ZnO nanorod surface upon wrapping with C 60 shell layer. Evidently, the existence of C 60 layer causes the electron-hole separation and passivates the defect states on ZnO NRAs [14].…”

“…The deposition of C 60 shell layer on to the ZnO NRAs has been carried out using spin coating technique [14]. 0.045 g of C 60 powder purchased from sigma Aldrich with 99.95% purity was dispersed in 3 ml of chlorobenzene [C 6 H 5 Cl] and the resultant dispersed solution was spun over the ZnO NRAs at the rate of 3000 rpm for 30 s. The spin coating process was repeated up to 7 times to accomplish a uniform C 60 shell layer distribution on the entire surface of ZnO NRAs.…”

“…Specifically, for excellent potential applications in next-generation nonvolatile memory devices, inorganic nanostructures containing hybrid inorganic/organic composites are now developed as excellent candidates [4]. However, surface modification of inorganic semiconductor nanostructure is essential to increase the charge transport at the inorganic/organic interface in hybrid photovoltaic devices [14]. Therefore, it is imperative to facilitate the surface coating of zero-dimensional (0-D) C 60 shell layer onto the one-dimensional (1-D) ZnO NRAs in order to obtain ZnO/C 60 core/shell composites which provide a path way for tailoring the structural, electrical and optical properties.…”