The Effect of Cadence on Shank Muscle Oxygen Consumption and Deoxygenation in Relation to Joint Specific Power and Cycling Kinematics

Skovereng, Knut; Ettema, Gertjan; Beekvelt, Mireille C. P. Van

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169573

Cited by 9 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…3d). The significant changes in TSI observed at higher pedaling cadences, which we tested in a randomized sequence at 100 % T vent , are in agreement and strengthen the findings from Skovereng et al [32,33]. These results are supported by previous observations at a relatively lower power output equal to 60 % of VO 2 max, where skeletal muscle oxygenation was not different at the onset of cycling exercise at either 40 or 100 rpm [24], confirming our results in an acute exercise context [31].…”

Section: Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation At High Cadence When Pedaling Atsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Given the higher external power output at which elite cyclists exercise (for a similar relative exercise intensity, e. g., 100 % T vent ), these absolute intramuscular pressures are likely to be greater in elite than in recreational cyclists. This is a putative mechanism that could explain the difference in our findings with those reported in trained cyclists by Skovereng et al, where TSI decreased at high cadence even at a lower relative external power output corresponding to 75 % of the participants' lactate threshold [32,33].…”

Section: Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation At High Cadence When Pedaling Atcontrasting

confidence: 71%

“…Takaishi et al [34] and Zorgati et al [40] also reported no clear changes in oxygenation between cadences, when these were tested in a randomized sequence. These studies [24,[32][33][34]40] do differ in terms of experimental design, including power output, cadence ranges and sequence in which they were tested, which may partly explain some differences in their findings. Numerous studies have also been performed to determine the optimal pedaling cadence for efficient cycling performance at a given power output.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Changing pedaling cadence during moderate intensity cycling affects a number of physiological responses: at a constant and moderate power output, increasing cadence causes an increase in heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (V O 2 ), carbon dioxide production (V CO 2 ), rate of perceived exertion and lactate [11,16,20,32,33,39]. High pedaling cadences increase skeletal muscle metabolic demand, which up to a point can be matched by a corresponding increase in the cardio-respiratory function that raises the rate of pulmonary oxygen uptake and oxygen delivery at systemic level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not as clear is the skeletal muscle oxygenation response to different pedaling cadences at a constant power output. Skovereng et al [32,33] reported that increasing cadence from 60-110 revolutions per minute (rpm), in an incremental sequence at a workload equal to 75 % of lactate threshold, decreased skeletal muscle oxygenation. However, pedaling cadence had no significant effect on skeletal muscle oxygenation indexes during cycling, when cadences were tested in a randomized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Pedaling Cadence on Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation During Cycling at Moderate Exercise Intensity

et al. 2019

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The aim of this study was to assess the changes determined by increased cadence on skeletal muscle oxygenation during cycling at an exercise intensity equal to the ventilatory threshold (Tvent).Nine healthy, active individuals with different levels of cycling experience exercised at a power output equal to Tvent, pedaling at cadences of 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 rpm, each for 4 min. Cadences were tested in a randomized counterbalanced sequence. Cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses were studied using an ECG for heart rate, and gas calorimetry for pulmonary oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production. NIRS was used to determine the tissue saturation index (TSI), a measure of vastus lateralis oxygenation.TSI decreased from rest to exercise; the magnitude of this TSI reduction was significantly greater when pedaling at 90 rpm (−14±4%), compared to pedaling at 40 (−12±3%) and 50 (−12±3%) rpm (P=0.027 and 0.017, respectively). Albeit small, the significant decrease in ΔTSI at increased cadence recorded in this study suggests that skeletal muscle oxygenation is relatively more affected by high cadence when exercise intensity is close to Tvent.

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Section: Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation At High Cadence When Pedaling Atsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation At High Cadence When Pedaling Atcontrasting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Pedaling Cadence on Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation During Cycling at Moderate Exercise Intensity

et al. 2019

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A proposal to identify the maximal metabolic steady state by muscle oxygenation and VO2max levels in trained cyclists

et al. 2022

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Purpose Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensors measure muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) as a performance factor in endurance athletes. The objective of this study is to delimit metabolic thresholds relative to maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS) using SmO2 in cyclists. Methods Forty-eight cyclists performed a graded incremental test (GTX) (100 W-warm-up followed by 30 W min) until exhaustion. SmO2 was measured with a portable NIRS placed on the vastus lateralis. Subjects were classified by VO2max levels with a scale from 2 to 5: L2 = 45–54.9, L3 = 55–64.9, L4 = 65–71, L5 = > 71, which represent recreationally trained, trained, well-trained, and professional, respectively. Then, metabolic thresholds were determined: Fatmax zone, functional threshold power (FTP), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and maximal aerobic power (MAP). In addition, power output%, heart rate%, VO2%, carbohydrate and fat consumption to cutoff SmO2 point relative to MMSS were obtained. Results A greater SmO2 decrease was found in cyclists with > 55 VO2max (L3, L4 and L5) vs. cyclists (L2) in the MMSS. Likewise, after passing FTP and RCP, performance is dependent on better muscle oxygen extraction. Furthermore, the MMSS was defined at 27% SmO2, where a non-steady state begins during exercise in trained cyclists. Conclusion A new indicator has been provided for trained cyclists, < 27% SmO2 as a cut-off to define the MMSS Zone. This is the intensity for which the athlete can sustain 1 h of exercise under quasi-steady state conditions without fatiguing.

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Muscle Oximetry in Sports Science: An Updated Systematic Review

Perrey,

Quaresima,

Ferrari

2024

Sports Med

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Background In the last 5 years since our last systematic review, a significant number of articles have been published on the technical aspects of muscle near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), the interpretation of the signals and the benefits of using the NIRS technique to measure the physiological status of muscles and to determine the workload of working muscles. Objectives Considering the consistent number of studies on the application of muscle oximetry in sports science published over the last 5 years, the objectives of this updated systematic review were to highlight the applications of muscle oximetry in the assessment of skeletal muscle oxidative performance in sports activities and to emphasize how this technology has been applied to exercise and training over the last 5 years. In addition, some recent instrumental developments will be briefly summarized. Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines were followed in a systematic fashion to search, appraise and synthesize existing literature on this topic. Electronic databases such as Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed and SPORTDiscus were searched from March 2017 up to March 2023. Potential inclusions were screened against eligibility criteria relating to recreationally trained to elite athletes, with or without training programmes, who must have assessed physiological variables monitored by commercial oximeters or NIRS instrumentation. Results Of the identified records, 191 studies regrouping 3435 participants, met the eligibility criteria. This systematic review highlighted a number of key findings in 37 domains of sport activities. Overall, NIRS information can be used as a meaningful marker of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and can become one of the primary monitoring tools in practice in conjunction with, or in comparison with, heart rate or mechanical power indices in diverse exercise contexts and across different types of training and interventions. Conclusions Although the feasibility and success of the use of muscle oximetry in sports science is well documented, there is still a need for further instrumental development to overcome current instrumental limitations. Longitudinal studies are urgently needed to strengthen the benefits of using muscle oximetry in sports science.

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The Effect of Cadence on Shank Muscle Oxygen Consumption and Deoxygenation in Relation to Joint Specific Power and Cycling Kinematics

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

The Effect of Pedaling Cadence on Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation During Cycling at Moderate Exercise Intensity

The Effect of Pedaling Cadence on Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation During Cycling at Moderate Exercise Intensity

A proposal to identify the maximal metabolic steady state by muscle oxygenation and VO2max levels in trained cyclists

Muscle Oximetry in Sports Science: An Updated Systematic Review

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