The Effect Of Cadmium on Sperm Quality and Fertilization Of Cyprinus carpio L.

Abstract

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of cadmium on sperm quality and fertilization of C. carpio L. Sperm and eggs were collected by abdomen striping from the mature testis and ovary of C. carpio L. This study used one control and four treatment groups of variation on the cadmium concentration (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm) with eight replications. Sperm motility (mass motility, mass motility duration, and individual motility duration) and viability were measured after three to four seconds of incubation in the water. The percentage of fertility success was calculated by observing embryo development after the eggs were mixed with sperm and incubated in the water for 72 hours. The success of the fertilization process was indicated by a color change of the egg that darkens after successful fertilization, and white-milk if failed.The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (α = 0.05). The results of this study indicate that exposure of 50 ppm cadmium and control group shown success in term of sperm quality (motility and viability) and fertilization, but at 100 ppm or more decreased the sperm quality and fertilization rate. It can be concluded that cadmium exposure decreases sperm quality and fertility at 100 ppm or higher concentrations.

Investigation of Fertilizing Capacity of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Sperm Exposed to Heavy Metals

“…In common carp, only 100 mg/L of Cd 2þ caused a reduction in fertilization rate following fertilization immediately after exposure, whereas 50 mg/L of Cd 2þ did not. 12 In our study, we experienced that 50 mg/L of Cd 2þ did not reduce fertilization even after 120 minutes of exposure. However, 100 mg/L of Cd 2þ has not been examined in the present study; thus, it can be speculated that this concentration can cause the reduction in fertilization rate also in zebrafish.…”

“…The toxic substance can also have an effect on straight line velocity as well as on curvilinear velocity but not to an extent as on PMOT. 15 The effect of heavy metal exposure was examined on the fertilizing capacity of sperm only in 4 fish species: common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), 12 rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), 27 -29 topsmelt silverside ( Atherinops affinis ), 30 and African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ). 31 However, it has been reported that damage can form in spermatozoa (eg, oxidative DNA damages) due to the exposure to toxicants, which effects do not manifest on the motility, morphology, and antioxidant parameters of sperm, yet they can impair embryonic development.…”

“…Furthermore, species with large body size had been used due to the greater volume of individually produced sperm in most cases, including rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [1][2][3] and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has the following advantages compared to large-bodied species: easy and cheap maintenance in recirculation systems, short generation time, its full genome map is known, year-round spawning and sperm collection with constant quality without hormonal induction. Furthermore, this species is specified in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines as a feasible model species in ecotoxicological studies, and its sperm has been used in in vitro toxicological-aimed studies only in 3 cases.…”

The ability of probiotics to ameliorate blood and gonad damage caused by copper toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…In the present study, damage to the structure of the fish testicular tubules was caused by Cu exposure (Figure -1). Other studies have found that exposure to pollutants can cause a decrease in GSI [23], change the structure of testicular histology [2], reduce the quality of fish spermatozoa [6], and alter reproductive behavior [24]. Our data show that probiotic supplements can ameliorate the effects of Cu on hematological and GSI parameters (Figures-1 and 2), as well as decrease the absorption of Cu and MDA in the testes (Figures- 3 and 4), and prevent Cu-induced histological damage to fish gonads (Figure -2).…”

Ultra‐acute exposure to cadmium does not impair whitefish sperm motility

“…According to Hayati et al . (2017), e.g ., ultra‐acute Cd exposure reduced sperm motility of carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) at concentrations of 100 mg l −1 or higher. Contrary to the finding of this study, toxic effects of Cd on sperm motility were observed at much lower concentrations in some species.…”