The Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Structure and Performance of Nanocrystalline Mayenite Powders

Berent, Katarzyna; Komarek, Sebastian; Lach, Radosław; Pyda, W.

doi:10.3390/ma12213476

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…An increase in sintering temperature will produce Ba0,6Sr0,4TiO3 with a higher phase composition (%). The crystallite sizes also increased, as reported in previous studies [12], [17], [25], [26]. The use of BaCO3, SrCO3, and TiO2 powder mixture, with a particle size of 0.4 µm, has been proven to produce Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 material at lower sintering temperatures with a faster duration (1 hour).…”

Section: B) Atsupporting

confidence: 78%

Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Physical Properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 Prepared by Solid-State Reaction

Rusiyanto¹,

Widodo²,

Al-Janan³

et al. 2021

IJAME

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Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) ceramic materials are widely used in electronic devices due to their stable operation at high temperatures, high tunability, low tangent loss, low DC leakage, and alterable curie temperatures. While pure BST materials are usually produced at high sintering temperatures (1250 °C), there are limited studies on the temperature and duration of the sintering process to produce pure BST, synthesised from micro or even nano-sized raw materials. This study aims to determine the effective sintering temperature for producing pure BST material using a mixture of raw materials with a mean particle size of 0.4 μm after milled for 58 hours. The BaCO3, SrCO3, and TiO2 materials as raw materials for Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 synthesis were milled for 58 hours to produce a homogeneous mixture with a mean particle size of 0.4 μm. Sintering was carried out in a temperature range of 500-1100 °C for 1 hour. This study investigates the impact of sintering temperature on the physical properties and the purity of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 powder using the x-ray diffraction method. The results showed that the Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 phase was formed at a sintering temperature of 700 °C. Pure BST material was formed at the sintering temperature of 1000 °C with a crystallite size of 41 nm. Whereas at a higher sintering temperature (1100 °C), the pure BST material formed produced a larger crystallite, sized at 43 nm with cubic structure. The synthesis temperature and duration recorded in this research are lower than recorded in the BST material preparation using the solid-state method. The results of this study indicate that the sintering temperature greatly affects the purity, crystal system and crystallite size of the Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 material produced. The sintering temperature of 1100 °C produces Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 material with the best physical properties because it has a cubic-shaped crystal system and the largest crystal size.

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Section: B) Atsupporting

confidence: 78%

Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Physical Properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 Prepared by Solid-State Reaction

Rusiyanto¹,

Widodo²,

Al-Janan³

et al. 2021

IJAME

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“…A further increase in calcination time of 4 and 5 h leads to the sintering of fine crystals, promotes cluster agglomeration and reduces the surface area. This was due to the endothermicity of calcination 30,31 . As a result, the highest surface area obtained was 10.5 m 2 g −1 , which corresponds to a calcination temperature of 900 °C and a time of 3 h. The pore volume of the catalyst under these conditions was measured using BET and was found to be 0.0033 cm 3 g −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This was due to the endothermicity of calcination. 30,31 As a result, the highest surface area obtained was 10.5 m 2 g −1 , which corresponds to a calcination temperature of 900 °C and a time of 3 h. The pore volume of the catalyst under these conditions was measured using BET and was found to be 0.0033 cm 3 g −1 .…”

Section: Catalyst Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Modeling and optimization of biodiesel from high free‐fatty‐acid chicken fat by non‐catalytic esterification and mussel‐shell‐catalyzed transesterification

Rashid,

Abdulwahab,

Mohammed

et al. 2023

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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In this study, biodiesel was prepared from chicken fat via a transesterification reaction using Mussel shells as a catalyst. Pretreatment of chicken fat was carried out using non‐catalytic esterification to reduce the free fatty acid content from 36.28 to 0.96 mg KOH/g oil using ethanol/ fat mole ratio equal to 115:1. In the transesterification reaction, the studied variables were methanol: oil mole ratio in the range of (6:1 ‐ 30:1), catalyst loading in the range of (9‐15) wt%, reaction temperature (55‐75 °C), and reaction time (1‐7) h. The heterogeneous alkaline catalyst was greenly synthesized from waste mussel shells throughout a calcination process at different calcination times of (1‐5) h and temperatures of (700‐900) °C. The catalyst was characterized using BET, SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR. It was found that the optimum calcination conditions were 900 °C and 3h, which resulted in a specific surface area of 10.5 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.0033 cm3/g. The optimum values obtained in the transesterification reaction were 21:1 methanol: oil molar ratio, 12 wt% catalyst loading, 5 h reaction time, and 63°C reaction temperature, which gave 96.2% methyl esters content, confirming the high potential of waste mussel shells to be employed as a catalyst in the production of renewable biodiesel.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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“…As shown in figure 2 and table 1, when the temperature of calcination evolves from 700 °C to 900 °C a slight shift of reflections towards the higher Bragg angles was observed which indicated a decreasing in the cell dimensions. [25] Furthermore, a narrowing in the (002) and (310) reflections was observed which means a decrease in the width at half maximum β 12 . Consequently, the value of the crystallite size calculated by the Debye-Scherrer equation (I) increased gradually with increasing of calcination temperature (table 1).…”

Section: Xrd Diffraction Patternsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Heavy Metals Removal Using Nano‐Hydroxyapatite Extracted from Cattle Bones

Aissa

Othmani

2023

ChemistrySelect

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Local cattle (lamb and camel) bones were used as a starting material to obtain pure nano‐hydroxyapatite n‐HAp. Extraction of nano‐HAp is done at 700 °C and 900 °C calcination temperatures, followed by some characterization technics such as FTIR spectroscopy, UV‐visible spectroscopy, XRD diffraction pattern, SEM and EDX analyzes. All the technics used have confirmed that calcination at these temperatures leads to a material in which pure hydroxyapatite is the only crystallographic phase. The heavy metals removal capacity of n‐HAp applied to Cu2+ and Co2+ from aqueous solutions was exanimated and compared. The obtained results were interpreted and compared based on; (i) the calcination temperature, (ii) the nature of the adsorbed cation on the nano‐hydroxyapatite surface and (iii) the nature of the adsorbent.

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The Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Structure and Performance of Nanocrystalline Mayenite Powders

Cited by 27 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Physical Properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 Prepared by Solid-State Reaction

Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Physical Properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 Prepared by Solid-State Reaction

Modeling and optimization of biodiesel from high free‐fatty‐acid chicken fat by non‐catalytic esterification and mussel‐shell‐catalyzed transesterification

Heavy Metals Removal Using Nano‐Hydroxyapatite Extracted from Cattle Bones

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