The effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on obesity in postmenopausal women: secondary analysis for a large-scale, placebo controlled, double-blind, 4-year longitudinal clinical trial

Zhou, Jun; Zhao, Liang; Watson, Patrice; Zhang, Qin; Lappe, Joan M.

doi:10.1186/1743-7075-7-62

Cited by 45 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Other studies, although not weight-loss studies, also found weak relationships between changes in fat mass and 25OHD levels. 12,17 It appears that most studies either observed an increase in 25OHD levels, a pattern where there were greater increases in those that lost more weight or a relationship between the degree of weight loss and increases in 25OHD levels. It may be possible that a threshold of weight loss is needed to see an increase in 25OHD levels.…”

Section: Do 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels Change With Weight Loss?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 4 years, weight decreased in the vitamin D and calcium group, was unchanged in calcium group, and increased in placebo (values not reported). 12 When looking at body composition, there was a gain in trunk fat mass and a loss of trunk lean mass, and this was greatest in the placebo group and similar in both supplemented groups. 12 This suggested vitamin D had no added benefit; however, the changes in 25OHD levels were related to changes in body mass index (BMI) and trunk fat mass (r=-0.15; p<0.01), and only those taking vitamin D and calcium supplementation had significant increases in 25OHD levels (~40 % increase) while the others remained stable.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…In a similar study, Zhou et al 12 followed postmenopausal women randomized to vitamin D and calcium, calcium only, or placebo supplementation to look at the effect of supplementation on fractures. After 4 years, weight decreased in the vitamin D and calcium group, was unchanged in calcium group, and increased in placebo (values not reported).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…12 This suggested vitamin D had no added benefit; however, the changes in 25OHD levels were related to changes in body mass index (BMI) and trunk fat mass (r=-0.15; p<0.01), and only those taking vitamin D and calcium supplementation had significant increases in 25OHD levels (~40 % increase) while the others remained stable. 12 There have also been vitamin D supplementation studies that have reported no changes in weight. [13][14][15][16][17] All studies had significant increases in 25OHD levels following supplementation and found no changes in weight and other measures of body composition in a range of populations.…”

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The Impact of Vitamin D on Weight Loss

Thomson¹

2013

US Endocrinology

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Along with the increased prevalence of obesity, the incidence of vitamin D deficiency is rising with 10-60 % of adults having values lower than 20 ng/ml. 1,2 Serum or plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is the most widely accepted measure of vitamin D status (deficiency <20 ng/ml, insufficiency 20-29 ng/ml, and sufficiency >30 ng/ml). Many studies haveshown it is inversely associated with measures of obesity and that obese participants have lower suboptimal 25OHD levels compared with healthy weight participants. Adipose tissue sequesters the fat-soluble vitamin and this leads to lower levels in obese populations. It is also thought that obese people may spend less time outdoors, or expose less skin to the sun, which may lead to reduced synthesis of vitamin D.There has been increasing interest regarding the relationship between vitamin D, obesity, and weight loss, and this article will examine several aspects of this relationship, specifically looking at the effects of vitamin Table 1), although all were not specifically designed to analyze this. A secondary finding from a randomized controlled trial in men with impaired glucose tolerance designed to investigate glucose and lipid metabolism found a small but significantly greater weight reduction of 1.3 % using low-dose vitamin D compared with the placebo group with no weight loss after 3 months. 9 Interestingly, 25OHD levels significantly increased in both groups, but there was a greater increase in placebo, although not reported as significant (14 % versus 39 %); consequently, it is difficult to conclude if the greater weight reduction was due to the low dose supplementation despite greater increase in placebo, which suggests a possible seasonal impact.Following on from that study, the investigators conducted a longer uncontrolled study at a higher dose in 14 middle aged men with impaired glucose tolerance to investigate the effects on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.Again, they found a small 1.1 % reduction in weight after supplementation for 18 months. 10 25OHD levels were only measured after treatment and 6 months later so the study was unable to report if the low-dose supplementation increased 25OHD levels. Six months after supplementation 25OHD levels increased 37 %, 10 suggesting a seasonal effect, which is likely since the study started and finished in the Fall. AbstractThe incidence of vitamin D deficiency is increasing and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels, which are inversely associated with measures of obesity, are lower in overweight and obese populations. There have been several studies that have investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on weight loss, and studies combining weight loss interventions with increased vitamin D intake, either through supplementation or foods fortified with vitamin D. 25OHD levels have also been measured before and after weight loss to see if they improve and if the changes in 25OHD levels are related to the degree of weight loss. Some studies have suggested that vitamin D status is associated wit...

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Section: Do 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels Change With Weight Loss?mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Vitamin D on Weight Loss

Thomson¹

2013

US Endocrinology

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“…5 Vitamin D deficiency can cause various other health problems since its deficiency often associated with obesity. 6 Its deficiency may also alter insulin synthesis since glycemia is improved with replenishment of vitamin D in type 2 diabetic patients hence proving its significance in diabetes mellitus. 7 Moreover vitamin D deficiency may also be cause of atherosclerosis since vitamin D supplement have some beneficial effect on elastic properties of artery wall of post-menopausal women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of serum 25(OH) D with variables of thyroid and lipid profile in perimenopausal women

Rani

Gupta

2017

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: Deficiency of vitamin D is quite prevalent among elderly population or postmenopausal women worldwide and may affect various function of the body. The status of its deficiency with their relation with other variables are not well explored in perimenopausal women.Methods: 100 perimenopausal women from the department of obstetrics and gynaecology were selected without having known risk of thyroid disorder and cardiovascular disease. The age group criteria for these women were 40 to 50 years. Thyroid profile including TSH, T3, and T4 were estimated by using enzyme linked immunesorbent assay. Serum levels of 25(OH) D3 was estimated by using spectrophotometric method. Lipid profile including TC, TG and HDL-C were estimated CHOD-POD method, GPO-PAP method, and CHOD-POD/Phosphotungustate method. LDL-C was calculated by friedewald formula.Results: There 58 women were presented with insufficient amount of vitamin D. They were characterised with increased BMI, elevated thyrotropin alongwith lower concentrations of T3 and T4. Increased levels of TC, TG and LDL-cholesterol alongwith lower concentration of HDL-C were also observed in women with vitamin d deficiency. Women having vitamin D deficiency were presented with overweight (OR-18.0, p-value=<0.001) and dyslipidemia (OR-12.13, p-value≤0.001). Vitamin D was negatively correlated with variable i.e. BMI, TSH, TC, TG and LDL-C. This negative association was significant (<0.001) while HDL-C and T4 were positively correlated with vitamin D levels in this study population.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency frequently occurs in middle aged perimenopausal women. Negative correlation of it with BMI, TSH and lipid variables may suggest the development of cardiovascular disease and hypothyroidism in coming years. Vitamin D supplements or vitamin D containing diet and regular exposure to sun is highly recommended to perimenopausal women.

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