The effect of calcium ions on potassium contracture in a locust leg muscle

Aidley, David J.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007577

Cited by 21 publications

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“…, Insecta-A large number of early papers describe insect actomyosin isolation, its activation by and hydrolysis of ATP, that its activation requires both Mg ++ and Ca ++ , and the effect of ADP on ATPase activity or muscle fiber tension (Hanson, 1952;Gilmour and Calaby, 1953;Maruyama, 1954bMaruyama, , 1956bMaruyama, , 1957aMaruyama, , 1958bMaruyama, , 1959bMaruyama, , 1966bGilmour and Robinson, 1964;Chaplain et al, 1965;Aidley, 1965;vom Brocke, 1966;Rüegg and Tregear, 1966;Schädler, 1967;Maruyama and Pringle, 1967;Chaplain, 1966aChaplain, ,b, 1967aMaruyama et al, 1968b;Abbott and Mannherz, 1970;Pybus and Tregear, 1972;Griffiths et al, 1979;Wilson and White, 1983;Loxdale and Tregear, 1985). Early work also showed that insect actomyosin is dually regulated Lehman and Szent-Györgyi, 1975;Chantler and Szent-Györgyi, 1978;Sellers et al, 1980).…”

Section: Ecdysozoamentioning

confidence: 99%

Invertebrate muscles: Thin and thick filament structure; molecular basis of contraction and its regulation, catch and asynchronous muscle

Hooper

Hobbs

Thuma

2008

Progress in Neurobiology

131

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This is the second in a series of canonical reviews on invertebrate muscle. We cover here thin and thick filament structure, the molecular basis of force generation and its regulation, and two special properties of some invertebrate muscle, catch and asynchronous muscle. Invertebrate thin filaments resemble vertebrate thin filaments, although helix structure and tropomyosin arrangement show small differences. Invertebrate thick filaments, alternatively, are very different from vertebrate striated thick filaments and show great variation within invertebrates. Part of this diversity stems from variation in paramyosin content, which is greatly increased in very large diameter invertebrate thick filaments. Other of it arises from relatively small changes in filament backbone structure, which results in filaments with grossly similar myosin head placements (rotating crowns of heads every 14.5 nm) but large changes in detail (distances between heads in azimuthal registration varying from three to thousands of crowns). The lever arm basis of force generation is common to both vetebrates and invertebrates, and in some invertebrates this process is understood on the near atomic level. Invertebrate actomyosin is both thin (tropomyosin:troponin) and thick (primarily via direct Ca ++ binding to myosin) filament regulated, and most invertebrate muscles are dually regulated. These mechanisms are well understood on the molecular level, but the behavioral utility of dual regulation is less so. The phosphorylation state of the thick filament associated giant protein, twitchin, has been recently shown to be the molecular basis of catch. The molecular basis of the stretch activation underlying asynchronous muscle activity, however, remains unresolved.

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Section: Ecdysozoamentioning

confidence: 99%

Invertebrate muscles: Thin and thick filament structure; molecular basis of contraction and its regulation, catch and asynchronous muscle

Hooper

Hobbs

Thuma

2008

Progress in Neurobiology

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In a solution made up to contain 6 mms 'Analar' strontium chloride and 2 mM EDTA, which will therefore contain approximately 4 mM strontium ions, it can be calculated that the concentration of ionic calcium will be less than 1 /%M. This is well below the lower limit of calcium-ion concentration necessary for the production of potassium contracture (Aidley, 1965), and is probably rather lower than that of a nominally 'calcium-free' Ringer's solution which does not contain EDTA. Treatment of a muscle, which had previously been depleted of calcium by treatment with EDTA-Ringer, with such a solution produced the usual submaximal phasic contraction on perfusion with KCI solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3B of the previous paper (Aidley, 1965), where contraction resulted from the addition of calcium ions to a calciumdepleted muscle in KCI solution. When a muscle has been perfused with EDTA-Ringer for a sufficient time, perfusion with KCI solution no longer results in contraction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental methods used were identical with those previously described (Aidley, 1965). Ringer's solutions containing abnormal cations were made by substitution of the relevant cation for calcium in the standard Ringer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The experimental methods used were identical with those previously described (Aidley, 1965).

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The effects of strontium and other divalent cations on potassium contracture in a locust leg muscle

Aidley¹

1965

The Journal of Physiology

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In the previous paper (Aidley, 1965) it was established that calcium ions are necessary for the production of potassium contractures in the mesothoracic extensor tibialis muscle of the locust Schistocerca gregaria. It was of interest to see whether any other divalent cations would substitute for calcium in this respect. METHODSThe experimental methods used were identical with those previously described (Aidley, 1965). Ringer's solutions containing abnormal cations were made by substitution of the relevant cation for calcium in the standard Ringer. Contractures were produced, as before, by perfusion of the muscle with a solution containing 164 mM-KCl and 100 mM-D-glucose. RESULTSIn order to assess the contractile activity of the various divalent cations tested, it was usually necessary to eliminate the effects of calcium ions. This was done by perfusing the muscle with a calcium-free Ringer's solution containing 4 mM ethylenediamine tetra-acetate (EDTA) for 30 min or more, after which the contractile response to depolarization by the KCI solutioni disappeared.Application of abnormal cations to depolarized muscles following previous treatment with EDTA One of the clearest demonstrations of the contractile action of calcium ions is that shown in Fig. 3B of the previous paper (Aidley, 1965), where contraction resulted from the addition of calcium ions to a calciumdepleted muscle in KCI solution. When a muscle has been perfused with EDTA-Ringer for a sufficient time, perfusion with KCI solution no longer results in contraction. If, after the muscle had been thus depolarized, strontium ions were added to the circulating KCI solution, a brief sub-* Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford.

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Modification of excitation‐contraction coupling in locust skeletal muscle induced by caffeine

Huddart

Abram

1969

J. Exp. Zool.

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Potassium contractures were recorded isometrically in locust extensor tibialis muscles. The graphs relating contracture tension to external potassium, and contractute tension to depolarization were of sigmoid shape. In normal circumstances, peak contracture tension was obtained with 100 mM/1 potassium saline at a depolarization level of about --lo mV. At a concentration of 2 mM/1, caffeine considerably lowered the mechanical threshold of the muscle fibres such that peak contracture tension was obtained with 40 mM/1 potassium saline, at a depolarization level of only -30 mV. Withdrawal of calcium ions from caffeine containing salines resulted in a loss of the contractile response to depolarization, and the lowering of the mechanical threshold was abolished. These results are consistent with the view that caffeine may activate muscle in vivo by accelerating calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and by suppressing active calcium binding by the reticular calcium pump. Since caffeine can activate depolarized muscle i t is suggested that caffeine short-circuits the normal excitation-contraction coupling channels to initiate a direct release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum without transient depolarization.For many years, caffeine has been known to possess the ability to potentiate the contraction of skeletal muscle (Goffart and Goutier, '50; Sandow and Brust, '66; Luttgau and Oetliker, '68; Huddart, '69a). In these investigations, the concensus view is that caffeine potentiates contraction by modifying the excitation-contraction coupling of muscle such that the mechanical threshold of the muscle fibres is considerably lowered. As a result of this action, potassium contractures in skeletal muscle may be modified by caffeine treatment such that maximal contracture tension is obtained at lower than normal potassium concentrations (Luttgau and Oetliker, '68; Huddart, '69b).In addition to the above action, caffeine causes persistent activation of the contractile component of the muscle fibres, and a further complicating factor is that caffeine is able to induce contractures in muscle in which the excitation-contraction coupling has been uncoupled by prolonged depolarization (Axelsson and Thesleff, '58; Caputo, '66; Huddart, '69a).Some of the above caffeine actions have already been briefly reported in insect skeletal muscle (Huddart, '69a), but in this latter study, the mechanism and site J. EXP. ZOOL., 171: 49-58.of caffeine activation were not conclusively elucidated. In this present study, the method of caffeine modification of excitation-contraction coupling in insect skeletal muscle has been examined in greater detail.Previous investigations have already decribed some of the characteristics of normal potassium contractures in various locust skeletal muscles (Hoyle, '61; Aidley, '65a,b). Since potassium contractures are ideal agents in indicating any alterations to mechanical thresholds and depolarization levels, they have been employed in this present study to characterize the event...

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The effect of calcium ions on potassium contracture in a locust leg muscle

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Invertebrate muscles: Thin and thick filament structure; molecular basis of contraction and its regulation, catch and asynchronous muscle

Invertebrate muscles: Thin and thick filament structure; molecular basis of contraction and its regulation, catch and asynchronous muscle

The effects of strontium and other divalent cations on potassium contracture in a locust leg muscle

Modification of excitation‐contraction coupling in locust skeletal muscle induced by caffeine

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